Rheological characterization of xanthan suspensions of nanoscale iron for injection in porous media

Comba, Silvia; Dalmazzo, Davide; Santagata, Ezio; Sethi, Rajandrea

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.09.060

Cited by 88 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The slurry was made in a batch mixing plant made up of custom made in a bio-polymer eductor, colloidal mixer and storage tanks. Each batch was prepared using about 1 m 3 of tap water, 7 kg of guar gum (Comba et al, 2011b;Tosco and Sethi, 2010) and preserved with soda ash and biocide as required by site demands. After mixing, the slurry was stored and recirculated in a 75 m 3 frac tank.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clamshell vs. Backhoe Excavation of Permeable Reactive Barriers

Sethi¹,

Day²,

Molfetta³

2011

American Journal of Environmental Sciences

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Problem statement: Permeable Reactive Barriers (PRBs) were one of the most widespread solutions for the remediation of contaminated aquifers. Although, a variety of excavation methods had been developed, backhoe (hydraulic excavators) were commonly used for the construction of PRBs in North America. Approach: In Europe, the most common method of slurry excavation was with a hydraulic grab and crane. The aim of this study was to compare clamshell and backhoe excavation techniques and to describe the installation of a full scale PRB using a crawler crane equipped with a hydraulic grab. Results: Backhoes had been used on a larger number of PRB installations and permit a rapid rate of excavation and generally require less skill to master. Long stick backhoes were capable of digging as deep as 30 m. Instead, clamshell excavators require more skill to use, but were able to excavate to a depth of more than 70 m, with a high degree of precision. Two similar case studies were presented to compare the relative merits of the two excavation techniques. Conclusion/Recommendations: The first describes a funnel and gate system excavated by long stick backhoe, in the US, whose longest gate is 0.73 m thick, 68 m long and up to 13 m deep. The latter is a 0.6 m thick, 120 m long and 13 m deep continuous PRB, excavated by crane mounted grab to remediate a chlorinated hydrocarbons plume, in Avigliana, near the city of Torino, in Italy. Comparison of the two techniques is performed on the availability of instrumentation, excavation power and precision, potential for cost savings.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clamshell vs. Backhoe Excavation of Permeable Reactive Barriers

Sethi¹,

Day²,

Molfetta³

2011

American Journal of Environmental Sciences

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“…The shear thinning rheological behavior of ZVI suspensions in biopolymer is an additional benefit during the storage and injection of ZVI in porous media. On the one hand, the high static viscosity delays the sedimentation rate of nanoparticles at the time of storage; on the other hand, during injection, the viscosity decreases at high shear rates, thus requiring lower pumping pressures [10,[60][61][62].…”

Section: Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stabilization of Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles: Role of Polymers and Surfactants

Singh¹,

Misra²

2015

Handbook of Nanoparticles

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In recent years, nanotechnology has emerged as a novel tool for application in various fields of electronics, photonics, magnetic, biomedicine, optics, etc. The ability of nanoparticles to serve as a versatile application tool could be attributed to their unique physicochemical characteristics that significantly differ from their bulk counterparts. Nevertheless, their tendency toward aggregation results in reduced reactivity and longevity which in turn exerts negative impact on their application potential. To overcome this constraint, several surface modifications and particle stabilization methods have been developed using various kind additives such as surfactants, polymers, water-soluble starch, carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, polyacrylic acid, etc. These additives effectively control the shape and size of nanoparticles, enhance nanoparticles' stability and mobility, and thereby increase the nanoparticle efficiency. The present chapter provides a brief overview of recent developments in stabilization methods, modification approaches, additives used for stabilization of nanoparticles with special reference to polymers and surfactants, and their mechanism of action. The significance of different additives in relation to nanoparticle efficiency in degrading/reducing environmental contaminants will also be addressed.

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“…Due to high velocities near the injection well, shear rates are relatively high and STFs help maintain lower injection pressures than would occur with injection of a non-STF of the same static viscosity (Silva et al 2012;Truex et al 2011a). STFs have been investigated in laboratory and field studies to facilitate remedial amendment delivery for subsurface remediation (Zhong et al, 2008(Zhong et al, , 2011Smith et al, 2008;Vecchia et al, 2009), as a stabilizer to enhance delivery of particulate suspensions used in remediation (Truex et al, 2011a,b;Tiraferri et al, 2008, Tiraferri Comba et al, 2011;Comba and Sethi, 2009;Oostrom et al 2007), to improve recovery of NAPLs (Martel et al, 1998a(Martel et al, , 2004Robert et al, 2006;Giese and Powers 2002), and to suspend manganese dioxide particles produced from oxidation of permanganate in aqueous phase (Crimi and Ko, 2009). Xanthan gum is a biopolymer that can be used to form a STF and has been evaluated for use in remedial amendment delivery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Amendment Delivery to Low Permeability Zones for Chlorinated Solvent Source Area Bioremediation

Adamson¹,

Newell²,

Truex³

et al. 2014

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Distribution Statement A REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGEForm Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information , 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 30-09-2014 REPORT TYPE Technical DATES COVERED (From -To AUTHOR(S)Newell, Charles J., Adamson, David T., Truex, Michael J., Zhong, Lirong 5d. PROJECT NUMBER ER-200913 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBERGSI Environmental Inc, 2211 Norfolk, Suite 1000, Houston, TX 77098Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd. Richland, WA 99354 SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) ESTCP SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ABSTRACTThis project demonstrated the use of shear-thinning fluid based technology to improve treatment within low-permeability (lowk) zones of heterogeneous subsurface environments. These low-k zones can serve as a long-term secondary source of contamination because transport may be diffusion controlled, yet they are difficult to target using standard injection-based treatment approaches. A shear-thinning fluid can be used to distribute a bioremediation amendment (e.g., lactate) around an injection well such that the solution was able to better penetrate and deliver the amendments to both high and low-permeability zones. When injected at a relatively high velocity compared to natural groundwater flow velocities, the shear-thinning nature of the solution allows it to flow more readily and cross-flow from high to low-permeability zones is promoted. During the demonstration at Joint Base Lewis-McChord, the shear-thinning fluid improved amendment distribution by approximately 41% with enhanced persistence and treatment effectiveness within the lower-k zones of the heterogeneous aquifer. It is anticipated that permeability contrasts of 1-2 orders of magnitude are amenable to this technology (e.g., improving distribution to silt layers within a sand matrix, but not clay layers). SUBJECT TERMSRemediation, shear-thinning, amendment, bioremediation, low-permeability zones, cost-effectiveness LIST OF TABLES EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OverviewThe technology is focused...

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Rheological characterization of xanthan suspensions of nanoscale iron for injection in porous media

Cited by 88 publications

References 52 publications

Clamshell vs. Backhoe Excavation of Permeable Reactive Barriers

Clamshell vs. Backhoe Excavation of Permeable Reactive Barriers

Stabilization of Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles: Role of Polymers and Surfactants

Enhanced Amendment Delivery to Low Permeability Zones for Chlorinated Solvent Source Area Bioremediation

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