Rheological Optimization of CO2 Foamed Chelating Stimulation Fluids at High-Pressure, High-Temperature, and Salinity

Abstract

Foamed acidic fluids have been utilized in the industry for enhanced oil recovery and fracturing applications due to their various advantages. Flowback enhancement, recovery of treatment fluids, and reduction of overall water consumption per operation are examples of these advantages. This study examines the utilization of a chelating agent, L-glutamic acid-N, N-diacetic acid (GLDA) in N2 and CO2 foamed fluids, which enhances the stability of foamed acidic fluids, lowers corrosion tendency, and is environmentally friendly. A modified high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) foam rheometer, and foam analyzer at ambient conditions, are used to test the acidic foamed fluids prepared in produced water using N2 and CO2. A screened out Alkyl diamine derivative surfactant has been tested at 212-300 °F and 1000 psi with and without GLDA. The effect of corrosion inhibitor addition on viscosity and foam quality is also investigated. Viscosity and foam quality measurements were done at increasing shear rates from 500 1/s up to 2000 1/s. Results showed that GLDA enhances the foamed fluid viscosity and stability. Resulted viscosities were in the range of 5 cP at higher shear rates to 25 cP in the lower shear rates region. Viscosity, in general, is lowered by higher shear rates, but foam quality is not affected. Fluid systems with a corrosion inhibitor also resulted in lower viscosities. The most stable and relatively higher viscosity values resulted from the 1 wt.% surfactant concentration with the addition of 15 wt.% GLDA and no corrosion inhibitor. Ambient conditions foam analyzer results showed higher foam height and half-life values of 182.8 mm and 16.5 minutes respectively when foaimg using N2 compared to 77.4 mm and 2.16 minutes when foamed with CO2. The addition of corrosion inhibitor showed significant negative impact in all cases, but least on the half-life of the CO2 foamed fluid. The rheology study provided did not consider the addition of thickeners which could be further investigated. This study covers the novel utilization of a chelating agent as an additive in CO2 and N2 acidic foamed fluids at harsh conditions. Furthermore, the fluid systems tested can be investigated and utilized as reliable stimulation fluid systems at temperatures up to 300 °F.

Seawater-Based Fracturing Fluid: A Review

“…Because the viscosity of both solutions changed when GLDA was added, these findings demonstrate that sulfate ions regulate the seawater rheology . The chelating agent GLDA has been studied for its potential to lessen corrosion in foamed acidic fluids made from nitrogen dioxide (N 2 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), to increase fluid stability, and to lessen environmental effects . The results showed that GLDA helped the foamed fluid become more stable and, it increased its viscosity.…”

“… 45 The chelating agent GLDA has been studied for its potential to lessen corrosion in foamed acidic fluids made from nitrogen dioxide (N 2 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), to increase fluid stability, and to lessen environmental effects. 75 The results showed that GLDA helped the foamed fluid become more stable and, it increased its viscosity. The generated viscosities ranged from ∼5 to ∼25 cP throughout a broad shear speed range.…”

“…Corrosion inhibitor-containing fluid systems also have reduced viscosities. The most consistent and relatively high viscosity values have been achieved with 1% surfactant, 15% GLDA, and 0% corrosion inhibitor . It was determined that N 2 had a foam height and half-life of 182.8 mm and 16.5 min, respectively, while CO 2 had a foam height and half-life of 77.4 mm and 2.16 min, respectively.…”

“…Corrosion inhibitors had the largest negative impact on the half-life of the CO 2 foamed fluid, but they were still detrimental overall. In addition, the tested fluid systems were able to be studied and used as dependable stimulating fluid systems at temperatures up to 300 °F …”

“…In addition, the tested fluid systems were able to be studied and used as dependable stimulating fluid systems at temperatures up to 300 °F. 75 At high pH values, the chelating agent EDTA is available in several forms, including sodium salt (Na 4 EDTA), ammonium salt (NH 4 EDTA), and potassium salt (K 4 EDTA). 76,77 Compared to the ammonium and sodium salts, potassium salt is more difficult to come by.…”