Rheological properties of commercial paints

Fischer, Earl K.

doi:10.1016/0095-8522(50)90030-4

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Typically, the shear rate generated by brushing paints on a substrate is expected to range from 130 to 260 s −1 ; thus, paint formulations need to be adjusted to have a viscosity from 0.2 to 0.5 Pa s and a yield stress from 40 to 140 Pa to stick to a brush and a wall with low brush drag and without dripping off. 33 Viscosity at low shear rates (under 50 s −1 ) is associated with coating solution properties such as sagging, settling, or leveling. 33 Leveling of a smooth coating takes more time with higher viscosity paints and with thicker coatings.…”

Section: ■ Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tung Oil Wood Finishes with Improved Weathering, Durability, and Scratch Performance by Addition of Cellulose Nanocrystals

Yoo

Youngblood

2017

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The main aim of this study is to verify whether cellulose nanocrystal (CNCs)-reinforced tung oil (TO) composites are effective for wood finishes and offer enhanced mechanical and weathering performance owing to the high strength, stiffness, and barrier properties of CNCs. To achieve even dispersion of CNC particles in a polymeric coating film, surface hydrophobization of the CNCs was carried out by grafting poly(lactic acid) oligomers and oleic acid. These new TO coating formulations contain 0 (controlled sample) to 10 wt % of hydrophobized cellulose nanocrystals (hCNCs). The coating performance (degree of wrinkle, leveling, and instantaneous filling) of the hCNC-TO finishes as well as their coating properties (topography, optical properties, mechanical properties, and gas permeability) were investigated in this study. The influence of the hCNC content in the tung oil composite coatings was examined using scratch/impact resistance tests and oxygen transmission rate (OTR) measurements. An increase in the hCNC content led to an increase in scratch/impact resistance as well as a slight decrease in the color-b change, gloss, surface roughness, and OTR value of their film coatings. The hCNC-TO composites for wood coatings presented here showed enhanced performance for utilization in wood-working processes in terms of desired mechanical properties (scratch and impact resistance), weathering performance (color stability), and easy production without any deterioration in surface gloss and roughness after the addition of hCNC to a TO matrix. The hCNC enhanced coating system is a promising candidate for substantial protection of wood surfaces in demanding settings.

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Section: ■ Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…33 Viscosity at low shear rates (under 50 s −1 ) is associated with coating solution properties such as sagging, settling, or leveling. 33 Leveling of a smooth coating takes more time with higher viscosity paints and with thicker coatings. In this system, two different fluid behaviors were observed: Newtonian and non-Newtonian.…”

Section: ■ Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tung Oil Wood Finishes with Improved Weathering, Durability, and Scratch Performance by Addition of Cellulose Nanocrystals

Yoo

Youngblood

2017

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…However, the microstructure was easily destroyed, resulting in a rapid drop of viscosity with an increase of the shear rate. The formulations showed a high viscosity at lower shear rate and a very low viscosity at high shear rate, between 0.016 Pa s and 0.25 Pa s at 100 to 200 s −1 estimated as the shear rate range generated by paint brushing on a substrate [37]. The flow curve measured by increasing (forward measurement) or decreas- The flow curves of water glasses and the coatings exhibited a shear thinning profile characteristic for suspensions, such as heterogeneous dispersion paints [32,33].…”

Section: Adhesion Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Study of the Adhesion of Silicate-Based Coating Formulations on a Wood Substrate

et al. 2021

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Silicate coatings are environmentally friendly inorganic-based products that have long been used for mineral substrates and protection of steel against corrosion. The development and acceptance of these coatings in the wood sector require some adjustments in formulations or special preparation of the surface to be coated to obtain durable finishes. In this work, the adhesion of various silicate-based formulations to a beech wood substrate (Fagus sylvatica L.), was assessed with the main objective to study relevant parameters and potential improvements. Adhesion strength was determined by pull-off and cross-cut tests. Other coating properties such as scratch, impact, and water resistance were also determined. Surface roughness and interface were analyzed using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and coating curing was studied by attenuated total reflection-infrared spectroscopy (ATR FTIR). The results showed that adhesion was highly dependent on formulation, penetration of the coatings into wood, and mechanical anchoring. Increasing the content of solid particles in the coating formulations or adding a polyol (glycerol, xylose), which probably acted as a coalescent, considerably decreased the adhesion strength, probably by blocking penetration into the wood by forming aggregates. Adhesion was improved by pre-mineralization of the surface, and substitution of a part of the potassium silicate binder with potassium methyl siliconate reduced the formation of cracks caused by dimensional instability of the wood.

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“…Originally developed for use in industry, shear rheometry has been used for about 70 years to understand the mechanical properties of paints. Due to the longstanding use of the technique, best practices for measuring the mechanical properties of historic recipes have been described in some detail [79,80]. One of the earliest reported discussions about the composition of the paint affecting the rheological behavior of the paint examined the state of white impastos used by Rembrandt, concluding that the proportions of pigment and driers resulted in a thixotropic behavior of the paint, with the viscosity decreasing with increasing strain rate.…”

Section: Shear Rheometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

After the paint has dried: a review of testing techniques for studying the mechanical properties of artists’ paint

et al. 2021

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While the chemistry of artists’ paints has previously been studied and reviewed, these studies only capture a portion of the properties affecting the response of paint materials. The mechanical properties of artists’ paints relate to the deformation response of these materials when a stress is applied. This response is dependent on many factors, such as paint composition, pigment to binder ratio, temperature, relative humidity, and solvent exposure. Here, thirty years of tensile testing data have been compiled into a single dataset, along with the testing conditions, to provide future researchers with easy access to these data as well some general discussion of their trends. Alongside the more commonly used techniques of tensile testing and dynamic mechanical analysis, new techniques have been developed to more fully investigate the mechanical properties, and are discussed along with salient results. The techniques have been divided into two categories: those that are restricted to use on model systems and those that are applicable to historic samples. Techniques applied to model systems (tensile testing, dynamic mechanic analysis, quartz crystal microbalance, vibration studies) require too large of a sample to be taken from art objects or focus on the mechanical properties of the liquid state (shear rheometry). Techniques applied to historic samples incorporate the use of small sample sizes (nanoindentation), optical techniques (laser shearography), computational simulations (finite element analysis), and non-invasive comparative mechanical properties (single-sided nuclear magnetic resonance) to investigate and predict the mechanical properties of paints.

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Rheological properties of commercial paints

Cited by 19 publications

References 21 publications

Tung Oil Wood Finishes with Improved Weathering, Durability, and Scratch Performance by Addition of Cellulose Nanocrystals

Tung Oil Wood Finishes with Improved Weathering, Durability, and Scratch Performance by Addition of Cellulose Nanocrystals

Study of the Adhesion of Silicate-Based Coating Formulations on a Wood Substrate

After the paint has dried: a review of testing techniques for studying the mechanical properties of artists’ paint

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