Rheological Properties of Hydrate Slurry in the Water-Based Drilling Fluid

Mühlstedt, Guilherme; Galdino, Jonathan; Andrade, Diogo E. V.; Negrão, Cezar Otaviano Ribeiro

doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c00646

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Gas hydrates, which form in equipment and pipelines, have been a tough challenge that severely limits safe and effective exploration and production. The low temperature and high pressure of such offshore fields are favorable parameters for hydrate formation. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Xanthan Gum, Gum Acacia, and Their Graft Copolymers with Acrylamide as Low-Dosage Hydrate Inhibitors for Their Application in the Drilling of Gas Hydrate Reservoirs

et al. 2023

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Hydrate formation is a significant issue while drilling into deep-water reservoirs containing gas hydrates. They may form in the drilling fluid flowlines, wellbore annulus, and ram cavities of blowout preventers. The natural gums, i.e., xanthan gum (XG) and gum acacia (GA), and their two graft copolymers with acrylamide (AAm), i.e., XG-g-PAAm and GA-g-PAAm, have been synthesized and tested as low-dosage hydrate inhibitors using THF hydrate systems via temperature-augmented visual method. XG-g-PAAm and GA-g-PAAm have shown better inhibition efficiencies and higher induction times than XG and GA. All of these inhibitors are then tested as drilling fluid additives to the formulated water-based drilling fluid systems (WBDFs). The formulated WBDFs contained 0.4 w/v % of each carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyanionic cellulose (PAC), and 5 w/v % of potassium chloride (KCl). The rheology of the formulated WBDFs has been tested at an ambient temperature (293 K) and low temperature (275 K). The rheological parameters of WBDFs obtained from the experiments are within permissible limits with an inhibitor concentration of 0.5 w/v %. The rheological data are then fitted to the Bingham–Plastic (B–P) model and Herschel–Bulkley (H–B) model. The coefficient of determination’s (R 2) upper and lower limits for the B–P model is 0.9715–0.9969 for 0.5 w/v % GA- and 0.5 w/v % XG-g-PAAm-containing WBDF systems. Again, for the H–B model, the range for R 2 is from 0.9891 to 0.9980 for 0.5 w/v % GA- and 0.5 w/v % XG-containing WBDFs. Hence, the R 2 showed a better agreement with the H–B model than with the B–P model. These observations suggest that XG, GA, XG-g-PAAm, and GA-g-PAAm may be used as hydrate inhibitors in the formulated WBDFs while drilling into gas hydrate reservoirs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Xanthan Gum, Gum Acacia, and Their Graft Copolymers with Acrylamide as Low-Dosage Hydrate Inhibitors for Their Application in the Drilling of Gas Hydrate Reservoirs

et al. 2023

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“…This phenomenon has an enormous cost impact. This flow assurance concern affects not only production but also drilling operations, as examined by Muhlstedt et al…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This phenomenon has an enormous cost impact. This flow assurance concern affects not only production but also drilling operations, as examined by Muhlstedt et al 5 The high costs associated with hydrate blockage motivate the employment of forms to avoid or mitigate hydrate formation. One way is heating the pipeline, which can be an expensive solution.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological Characterization and Formation Protocol of Tetrahydrofuran Hydrate Slurries

et al. 2022

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The oil industry's main flow assurance problem is the formation of gas hydrates in environmental conditions of high pressure and low temperature. Researches commonly use different materials to mimic gas hydrates in ambient pressure and moderate temperatures. One of these materials is tetrahydrofuran (THF) which forms hydrate slurries at ambient pressure and temperature between 1 and 4 °C. The rheology of hydrates determines the conditions associated with the restart of flow after a possible blockage and how this flow will evolve. To understand this kind of material's rheology, we developed a hydrate formation protocol that was shown to provide repeatable behavior. After verifying that manual disturbance can lead to higher variance in the resulting outcomes, we employed a thermal shock with a subcooling of 14 °C to trigger hydrate formation. We produced final materials associated with three massic concentrations of THF, namely, c = 30%, c = 35%, and c = 40%. As a complementary view concerning the current procedure employed in the literature, we also characterized the material in its solid-like regime by plotting stress curves versus strain and measuring the material's shear modulus. We were not able to obtain material behavior in the liquid-like regime for the lower concentrations, c = 30% and c = 35%. On the other hand, for the concentration of c = 40%, we provided rheological material functions for the solid-like and the liquid-like regimes. We characterized aging effects and found that the material behaves reversibly when a convenient resting time is provided. After a subsequent resting time where aging has stopped, the effect of the shear rate level at hydrate formation revealed a non-monotonic behavior in the resulting yield stress. On the basis of its fractal character, this behavior is possibly associated with the strong-link− weak-link theoretical framework developed for waxy oils. Our results differ from what is found in the literature. On the basis of some studies, we believe that this discrepancy is related to the different protocols adopted to form the hydrate slurry.

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Viscosity behavior and amount of gas consumed during hydrate formation: Influence of different parameters

Melhorim,

Sandoval,

Soares

et al. 2024

Geoenergy Science and Engineering

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Rheological Properties of Hydrate Slurry in the Water-Based Drilling Fluid

Cited by 8 publications

References 51 publications

Evaluation of the Xanthan Gum, Gum Acacia, and Their Graft Copolymers with Acrylamide as Low-Dosage Hydrate Inhibitors for Their Application in the Drilling of Gas Hydrate Reservoirs

Evaluation of the Xanthan Gum, Gum Acacia, and Their Graft Copolymers with Acrylamide as Low-Dosage Hydrate Inhibitors for Their Application in the Drilling of Gas Hydrate Reservoirs

Rheological Characterization and Formation Protocol of Tetrahydrofuran Hydrate Slurries

Viscosity behavior and amount of gas consumed during hydrate formation: Influence of different parameters

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