Rheology of Suspensions in Polymeric Liquids

Metzner, A. B.

doi:10.1122/1.549808

Cited by 623 publications

(343 citation statements)

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“…As the viscosity of the fluid phase surrounding the silica particles increases, the viscous stress exerted on the particles becomes so great that it disrupts the particulate network. Metzner 25 in his review gives a viscosity cutoff of 100 Pa‚s, beyond which long-range particulate structures cannot survive in a liquid medium. Beyond this point, chemical crosslinking dominates, and the growing polymer clusters connect into a sample-spanning cluster at the gel point.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Colloidal Fillers on the Cross-Linking of a UV-Curable Polymer: Gel Point Rheology and the Winter−Chambon Criterion

2001

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The effect of colloidal silica fillers on the cross-linking behavior of a model UV-curable polymer system (thiol-ene) is studied using in situ rheology and real-time FTIR spectroscopy. The validity of the Winter-Chambon criterion (convergence of the loss tangents at the gel point) is examined for the cross-linking of these filled polymers, some of which are strongly flocculated dispersions (physical gels) prior to chemical cross-linking. Two different types of colloidal silica particles are studied: one with octyl chains tethered to the surface and the other with methyl surface groups. The Winter-Chambon criterion is satisfied for all samples containing the methyl-terminated silica. However, the criterion breaks down for samples containing the octyl-modified silica, with the loss tangents not converging at any single point. This suggests the absence of a self-similar critical gel at the gel point in the latter case. Neither type of silica particles alters the mechanism of the cross-linking reaction, as revealed by FTIR spectroscopy, but they do retard the cross-linking kinetics. An alternate method is suggested for determining the chemical gel point of filled systems that fail to obey the Winter-Chambon criterion. This method involves monitoring the critical strain (limit of the linear viscoelastic region) at various UV exposure times. A dramatic increase is observed in the critical strain at the gel point, indicating a transition from weak, physical bonds to strong, covalent cross-links.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Colloidal Fillers on the Cross-Linking of a UV-Curable Polymer: Gel Point Rheology and the Winter−Chambon Criterion

2001

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“…The viscosity of a suspension is affected by the volume fraction of solid grains and bubbles [e.g., Metzner, 1985;Kraynik, 1988;Spray, 1993]. The relative viscosity (h r , the ratio of the viscosity with solid grains to the inclusion-free fluid viscosity) can be described using an empirical equation [Kitano et al, 1981].…”

Section: Slip Strengthening During the Growth Of Melt Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation of frictional melting of argillite at high slip rates: Implications for seismic slip in subduction‐accretion complexes

et al. 2009

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[1] Discovery of pseudotachylytes from exhumed accretionary complexes indicates that frictional melting occurred along illite-rich, argillite-derived slip zones during subduction earthquakes. We conducted high-velocity friction experiments on argillite at a slip rate of 1.13 m/s and normal stresses of 2.67-13.33 MPa. Experiments show slip weakening followed by slip strengthening. Slip weakening is associated with the formation and shearing of low-viscosity melt patches. The subsequent slip strengthening occurred despite the reduction in shear strain rate due to the growth (thickening) of melt layer, suggesting that the viscosity of melt layer increased with slip. Microstructural and chemical analyses suggest that the viscosity increase during the slip strengthening is not due to an increase in the volume fraction of solid grains and bubbles in the melt layer but could be caused primarily by dehydration of the melt layer. Our experimental results suggest that viscous braking can be efficient at shallow depths of subduction-accretion complexes if substantial melt dehydration occurs on a timescale of seismic slip. Melt lubrication can possibly occur at greater depths within subduction-accretion complexes because the ratio of viscous shear to normal stress decreases with depth. Argillite-derived natural pseudotachylytes formed at seismogenic depths in subduction-accretion complexes are more hydrous than the experimentally generated pseudotachylytes and may be evidence of nearly complete stress drop.

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“…Geochronological data suggest crustal formation rates have been nonuniform, perhaps quasiperiodic, throughout geologic time [Moorbath, 1977[Moorbath, , 1978Taylor and McLennan, 1981, 1985Anderson, 1994;Condie, 1993]. Large regions, such as the Superior Province in North America, have been assembled in rather short periods of time (circa 150 Ma [Hoffman, 1988] has been argued that geologic history is punctuated by episodes of enhanced exchange between the upper (d < 670 km) and lower (d > 670 km) mantle during which rapid continental growth takes place [Stein and Hofmann, 1994].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulations of crustal anatexis: Implications for the growth and differentiation of continental crust

Raia¹,

Spera²

1997

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. Them is overwhelming and incontrovertible petrological and geophysical evidence for the significant role played by mantle-derived mafic magma in the generation and growth of continental crust. Likewise, intrusion of mafic magmas beneath or into continental crust is very likely the major source of enthalpy that drives intracrustal differentiation. A simple dynamical model has been constructed to examine the critical factors that govern the evolution and timescale of crustal anatexic events when driven by basaltic magma underplating or injection into crust. Critical factors include the intensity of the enthalpy input (i.e., the power dissipated) and the rheological propertie.s, bulk composition and compositional structure of the source rocks undergoing partial fusion. We have performed numerical simulations to evaluate these factors using phase equilibria and thermochemical and transport property data applicable to the binary eutectic system CaA12Si2Oa-CaMgSi20 6 as a rough analog to study anatexis of mafic lower crust. In distinction, forfscrit small, more enthalpy is stored in the solid and less melt is produced. However, the compositional spectrum of liquids generated within the anatexic region is significantly larger for smallfscrit. Because of the sensitive dependence of solidi and liquidi on bulk composition, melt productivity is related to bulk composition given a particular enthalpy power input and rheological model. There is a factor of 2 difference in volume of melt generated when the bulk composition of the source is 10 modal percent less refractory. Compositionally zoned melts form by melting of either homogeneous or layered sources, although compositionfrequency relations are sensitive to the initial (subsolidus) compositional structure. The effects of anatexic events are to fundamentally reorganize the pattern of compositional structure within the crust. Intracrustal differentiation is a long-term inevitable process associated with the underplating or injection of mafic magma into preexisting crust.

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Rheology of Suspensions in Polymeric Liquids

Cited by 623 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of Colloidal Fillers on the Cross-Linking of a UV-Curable Polymer: Gel Point Rheology and the Winter−Chambon Criterion

Effect of Colloidal Fillers on the Cross-Linking of a UV-Curable Polymer: Gel Point Rheology and the Winter−Chambon Criterion

Experimental investigation of frictional melting of argillite at high slip rates: Implications for seismic slip in subduction‐accretion complexes

Simulations of crustal anatexis: Implications for the growth and differentiation of continental crust

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