Rheology, Particle Size Distribution, and Asphaltene Deposition of Viscous Asphaltic Crude Oil-in-Water Emulsions for Pipeline Transportation

Zaki, Nael N.; Butz, T.; Kessel, D.

doi:10.1081/lft-100000774

Cited by 34 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Depending on the conditions, heavy oil aqueous emulsions can present either a Newtonian or a shear thinning rheological behavior [51,53]. The droplet size distribution is a function of different parameters which are not independent with one another, in particular of surfactant type and concentration [40][41][42], pH of the aqueous phase [43], surface tension [25,32], mixing energy [25,42], ionic strength [25,42], temperature [29,40], chemistry of the natural surfactant of the crude oil [31,33], pressure [52]. Besides viscosity, the formation of a lubricating layer around the pipewall resulting from migration of droplets away from the pipewall due to the hydrodynamic conditions [50] has been reported.…”

Section: Application To Heavy Oil Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To keep the viscosity of aqueous heavy oil emulsion below the required value of specification of pipelines transport (typically around 400 cP at ambient temperature), a maximum of 70 to 75% in volume of dispersed bitumen phase is acceptable. Above 70%, the viscosity becomes too high [39][40][41][42]. Viscosity of oil/water emulsions at different shear rates.…”

Section: Application To Heavy Oil Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Formation of oil-in-water emulsions to reduce the viscosity of heavy crude oils and bitumens has been under investigation to provide an alternative to the use of diluents or heat to reduce viscosity in pipelines [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. Moreover, emulsion viscosity is far less sensitive to temperature than that of heavy oil [39,40].…”

Section: Application To Heavy Oil Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Crude Oil Emulsion Properties and Their Application to Heavy Oil Transportation

Langévin

Poteau

Hénaut

et al. 2004

Oil & Gas Science and Technology - Rev. IFP

326

214

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Résumé -Propriétés des émulsions de pétrole brut et leurs applications au transport des bruts lourds -De nombreuses avancées ont été réalisées dans le domaine des émulsions ces dernières années.Le comportement des émulsions est en grande partie contrôlé par les propriétés des couches adsorbées qui protègent les surfaces entre l'huile et l'eau. La connaissance de la seule tension interfaciale n'est pas suffisante pour comprendre les propriétés des émulsions ; la rhéologie de surface joue un rôle important dans de nombreux phénomènes dynamiques. La complexité des émulsions pétrolières vient de la composition de l'huile en termes de molécules présentant un caractère tensioactif comme les acides gras de faible masse moléculaire, les acides naphténiques et les asphaltènes. Ces molécules peuvent interagir et se réorganiser aux interfaces huile/eau. Le caractère non linéaire prononcé de la rhéologie de surface obtenu avec des couches d'asphaltènes peut expliquer les différences de comportement entre les émulsions de tensioactif et les émulsions d'asphaltène. Cet article présente une revue des propriétés des émulsions pétrolières. L'application au transport d'hydrocarbures très visqueux sous forme d'émulsion aqueuse est ensuite considérée. Abstract -Crude Oil Emulsion Properties and their Application to Heavy Oil TransportationMany advances have been made in the field of emulsions in recent years. Emulsion behavior is largely controlled by the properties of the adsorbed layers that stabilize the oil-water surfaces. The knowledge of surface tension alone is not sufficient to understand emulsion properties, and surface rheology plays an important role in a variety of dynamic processes. The complexity of petroleum emulsions comes from the oil composition in terms of surface-active molecules contained in the crude

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Section: Application To Heavy Oil Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Application To Heavy Oil Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Application To Heavy Oil Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Crude Oil Emulsion Properties and Their Application to Heavy Oil Transportation

Langévin

Poteau

Hénaut

et al. 2004

Oil & Gas Science and Technology - Rev. IFP

326

214

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Consequently, technologies for the formulation of fuels from heavy oils such as oily sand (Xu et al, 2001), bitumen (Gutierrez et al, 2002), and heavy crudes (Zaki et al, 2001) have been developed. These heavy oils have a higher content of heavy hydrocarbons, metals and sulfur than natural gas, diesel or fuel oil fuels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheology and Stability of Emulsions of Oil Refining Residuals in Water

Arriola-Medellín

Salinas-Bravo

2015

Petroleum Science and Technology

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The rheology and stability of oil-in-water emulsions containing residual oil from the vacuum distillation of Mexican petroleum is described. Emulsions were prepared in mixing tanks at different impeller speeds but same mixing time. A mix of nonionic surfactant of the type nonil phenol ethoxylate and a stabilizer type carboxymethylcellulose were used in the preparation, in all cases the concentration of surfactant and stabilizer were the same. Results show that the viscosity and stability behavior of emulsions not only depend on the vacuum residual oil content, but also mean droplet size and the dispersion of droplet sizes plays an equally crucial role.

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“…[2,3] Accurate assessments of rheological relation, apparent viscosity, and pressure drop of the emulsion flow in pipes are very important for the operation of oil-producing wells, including flow assurance, wellbore modelling, and pipeline transportation of crude oil. To solve these problems, considerable theoretical and experimental studies have been carried out using two different approaches: synthetic emulsions measured in a rheometer [3][4][5][6][7] and emulsions induced in pipe flow. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] However, a few works have been carried out by simultaneously using two systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological behaviour of oil and water emulsions and their flow characterization in horizontal pipes

Zhang

2016

Can J Chem Eng

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In this work, the rheological behaviour of oil and water emulsions and their flow characterization were studied using a Haake RS6000 rheometer and a lab scale flow loop. The rheological properties of the synthetic emulsions were investigated at oil volume fractions from 0.1-1.0 L/L and shear rates from 0.001-1000 s À1 at a system temperature of 20 8C. The emulsions flow, formed by the SMV static mixer installed before the test section, was observed in the 2-m long horizontal pipes with 25 and 50 mm inner diameters at different mixture flow rates from 0.01-7.00 m 3 /h. A comparison between rheological measurements and laminar flow data shows that the values of the Sauter mean droplet diameters formed by the SMV static mixer are approximately one order of magnitude bigger than those measured by the rheometer. For oil-in-water emulsions with low oil content, the stress-strain relationships obtained in the rheometer are more suitable for predicting the transport characteristics of the emulsions with a large pipe diameter than those with a small pipe diameter. In addition, the phase inversion points in the pipe flow are closer to those measured at high shear rates in the rheometer. Therefore, the apparent viscosity obtained by the rheology measurements at high shear rates could be introduced for accurate calculations of the mixture Reynolds number and the friction factor in emulsions flow.

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Rheology, Particle Size Distribution, and Asphaltene Deposition of Viscous Asphaltic Crude Oil-in-Water Emulsions for Pipeline Transportation

Cited by 34 publications

References 15 publications

Crude Oil Emulsion Properties and Their Application to Heavy Oil Transportation

Crude Oil Emulsion Properties and Their Application to Heavy Oil Transportation

Rheology and Stability of Emulsions of Oil Refining Residuals in Water

Rheological behaviour of oil and water emulsions and their flow characterization in horizontal pipes

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