Rhetorical gamesmanship in the nano debates over sunscreens and nanoparticles

Berube, David M.

doi:10.1007/s11051-008-9362-7

Cited by 42 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…However, in most instances, nanomanufacturing processes for CNTs remain little more than expanded laboratory experiments, the measurement techniques are still evolving, and reproducible manufacturing methods are, only now, beginning to appear. More importantly for the CNT and other allied nanoparticles, the potential toxicity is being debated [12,13] and has not been fully documented in the literature [14]. In addition, where CNT are concerned, the life-cycle fate of the nanoparticles is unknown for CNT-reinforced products, whereas CNCs can potentially degrade (under appropriate conditions) to carbon dioxide and water within 90 days [4].…”

Section: Metrology Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the metrology and imaging of cellulose nanocrystals

Postek

Vladár

Dagata

et al. 2010

Meas. Sci. Technol.

106

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The development of metrology for nanoparticles is a significant challenge. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are one group of nanoparticles that have high potential economic value but present substantial challenges to the development of the measurement science. Even the largest trees owe their strength to this newly appreciated class of nanomaterials. Cellulose is the world's most abundant natural, renewable, biodegradable polymer. Cellulose occurs as whisker-like microfibrils that are biosynthesized and deposited in plant material in a continuous fashion. The nanocrystals are isolated by hydrolyzing away the amorphous segments leaving the acid resistant crystalline fragments. Therefore, the basic raw material for new nanomaterial products already abounds in nature and is available to be utilized in an array of future materials. However, commercialization requires the development of efficient manufacturing processes and nanometrology to monitor quality. This paper discusses some of the instrumentation, metrology and standards issues associated with the ramping up for production and use of CNCs.

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Section: Metrology Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the metrology and imaging of cellulose nanocrystals

Postek

Vladár

Dagata

et al. 2010

Meas. Sci. Technol.

106

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“…Nanomaterials have excessive potential to get access some cellular barriers to able reaching the cells and molecules in various diseases (Suri et al, 2007;Said et al, 2012). It is thought that zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are bio-safe and biocompatible and could be applied in biomedical materials (Berube, 2008). Recent studies reported the ameliorative effect of ZnO-NPs on male reproductive functions (Afifi et al, 2015;Hafez, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological Evaluation of The Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Chromium-Induced Reproductive Toxicity in Male Albino Rats

Ibrahim¹,

Oda²,

Khafaga³

2017

AJVS

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Key words: Zinc oxide, Nanoparticles, Pathology, Testes, Rat.The present study was intended to evaluate the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on chromium (Cr VI)-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats. Forty adult male albino rats were randomly divided into four equal groups (10 rats each), control group, chromium (Cr VI) group, potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) given orally at dose 10.5 mg/kg bwt/day (equals to 1/10 of LD50) (five days a week), Cr VI + ZnO-NPs group, rats received 10.5 mg/kg bwt/day (five days a week K2Cr2O7 orally and injected intraperitoneally (IP) by ZnO-NPs-saline solution at dose 5 mg/kg bwt/ day (three days a week). ZnO-NPs-group, ZnO-NPs-saline solution (IP) at dose 5 mg/kg bwt/ day (three days a week). Ten weeks post-treatment, serum testosterone values were significantly decreased in the Cr (VI) and Cr (VI) + ZnO-NPs-treated rats, sperm counts and significant increase in sperm abnormalities. No significant alteration in testicular malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase levels among treated groups all over the experiment compared to control. However, reduced glutathione concentrations in testes were significantly decreased in Cr (VI) + ZnO-NPs and ZnO-NPs groups at ten weeks post-treatment. Cr (VI) group showed marked histopathological alterations and to lesser extent Cr (VI) + ZnO-NPs group that were time dependent. ZnO-NPs group showed significant testicular lesions, particularly after ten weeks post-treatment. It could be concluded that Cr (VI) intoxication induced damaging effects on male reproductive functions that were time dependent. ZnO-NPs partially improved these effects. But, its use for longer period has no valuable effect on Cr (VI)-induced toxicity.

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“…For partially soluble NPs, such as nano ZnO, there was also the concern that that NPs may deliver a bolus dose of zinc ions upon dissolution in acidic biological matrices (Gerischer & Sorg 1992;Xia et al 2008). These concerns have led to some consumer groups, non-government organisations and parts of the scientific community to call for nanoproduct labelling requirements, and even exclusion of NP-containing products until their safety can be unequivocally proven (Berube 2008;Wright 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZnO nanoparticles and organic chemical UV-filters are equally well tolerated by human immune cells

et al. 2016

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An important part of assessing the toxic potential of nanoparticles for specific applications should be the direct comparison of biological activities with those of alternative materials for the same application. Nanoparticulate inorganic ultraviolet (UV) filters, such as zinc oxide (ZnO), are commonly incorporated into transparent sunscreen and cosmetic formulations. However, concerns have been raised about potential unwanted effects, despite their negligible skin penetration and inherent advantages over organic chemical UV-filters. To provide useful application-relevant assessments of their potential hazard with/without UVA co-exposure, we directly compared cytotoxic and immune response profiles of human THP-1 monocytic cells to ZnO nanoparticles (30 nm) with bulk ZnO particulates (200 nm) and five conventional organic chemical UV-filters - butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane (avobenzone), octylmethoxycinnamate, octylsalicylate, homosalate and 4-methylbenzylidene camphor. High exposure concentrations of both organic and particulate UV-filters were required to cause cytotoxicity in monocyte and macrophage cultures after 24 h. Co-exposure with UVA (6.7 J/cm(2)) did not alter cytotoxicity profiles. Particle surface area-based dose responses showed that ZnO NPs were better tolerated than bulk ZnO. Organic and particulate UV-filters increased apoptosis at similar doses. Only particulates increased the generation of reactive oxygen species. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) release was increased by all particulates, avobenzone, homosalate and octylsalicylate. IL-1β release was only increased in macrophages by exposure to avobenzone and homosalate. In conclusion, direct effects were caused in monocytes and macrophages at similar concentrations of both organic UV-filters and ZnO nanoparticulates - indicating that their intrinsic cytotoxicity is similar. With their lower skin penetration, ZnO nanoparticles are expected to have lower bioactivity when used in sunscreens.

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Rhetorical gamesmanship in the nano debates over sunscreens and nanoparticles

Cited by 42 publications

References 46 publications

Development of the metrology and imaging of cellulose nanocrystals

Development of the metrology and imaging of cellulose nanocrystals

Pathological Evaluation of The Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Chromium-Induced Reproductive Toxicity in Male Albino Rats

ZnO nanoparticles and organic chemical UV-filters are equally well tolerated by human immune cells

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