Rheumatoid arthritis and macrovascular disease

Alkaabi, J.; Ho, Marco H. K.; Levison, R.; Pullar, T; Belch, J. J. F.

doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keg083

Cited by 132 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Severe extraarticular disease in RA has been shown to be associated with accelerated atherosclerosis (11), which is likely to be the result of an increase in inflammatory markers, activation of T cells, and possibly steroid usage (6). Traditional risk factors such as smoking, hyperlipidemia, elevated homocysteine, hypertension, and diabetes may play a concomitant role in exacerbating vascular disease in RA patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from leading to severe disability in many cases, it is also associated with an increased mortality, some of which is due to the 2-fold increased risk of cardiovascular disease in RA (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). The reasons for increased mortality from cardiovascular causes are not fully known.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RA itself seems to represent an independent risk factor for development of accelerated atherosclerosis, supported by the finding that even patients with early seropositive arthritis are at increased risk for premature cardiovascular-related mortality (3,8). This increased risk may be attributable both to diseaserelated factors, including the presence of systemic inflammatory disease and the concomitant vascular endothelial activation from immune dysregulation and inflammation, and to treatment-related factors, such as accelerated atherosclerotic disease associated with the use of corticosteroids (6,(10)(11)(12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The occurrence of cardiovascular disease in RA has been well studied in several different populations (1,(5)(6)(7)9,11,12), but little is known about the impact of extraarticular manifestations on cardiovascular comorbidity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of noncardiac vascular disease in RA and its relationship to systemic extraarticular disease in a community-based cohort of patients with RA.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Incidence of noncardiac vascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis and relationship to extraarticular disease manifestations

Liang

Matteson

et al. 2006

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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Objective. To investigate the incidence of noncardiac vascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its relationship to systemic extraarticular disease in a community-based cohort.Methods. A retrospective medical record review of 609 patients with incident RA diagnosed during 1955-1994 was carried out in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Patients were followed up from 1955 to 2000 (median followup 11.8 years). Incident noncardiac vascular disease and severe extraarticular RA manifestations (including pericarditis, pleuritis, and vasculitis) were recorded according to predefined criteria, and incidence rates were estimated. Using Cox proportional hazards models, the risk (hazard ratio [HR]) of developing vascular events was assessed in patients with and without severe extraarticular RA.Results. Cerebrovascular and peripheral arterial events occurred in 139 patients (22.8%). The 30-year cumulative incidence rates of peripheral arterial events, cerebrovascular events, and venous thromboembolic events were estimated to be 19.6%, 21.6%, and 7.2%, respectively. The presence of severe extraarticular RA manifestations was found to be associated with all subgroups of noncardiac vascular disease except cerebrovascular disease alone (HR 2.3, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.2-4.3 for peripheral arterial events; HR 3.7, 95% CI 1.3-10.3 for venous thromboembolic events; HR 1.5, 95% CI 0.7-3.2 for cerebrovascular events) after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, and rheumatoid factor status.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidence of noncardiac vascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis and relationship to extraarticular disease manifestations

Liang

Matteson

et al. 2006

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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“…All measurements were made by a single examiner who was blinded to the study. Examination was done in a quiet, cool room (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25) • C). A high resolution B-mode ultrasonography with a 10 MHz transducer was used to make the measurements.…”

Section: Laboratory Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%