Rhinocyllus conicus Establishment for Biocontrol of Thistles in Virginia

Surles, W. W.; Kok, Loke T.; Pienkowski, R. L.

doi:10.1017/s0043174500036389

Cited by 28 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…For example, both C. nutans and R. conicus were predicted to be present at 4.8 sites, but these two species were actually present at 21 sites (Table 5). Thus, the presence of either introduced thistle species in an area increases the probability of this introduced weevil species occurring there as well, reßecting previously reported associations among these species (Surles et al 1974, Ward et al 1974, Surles and Kok 1976, Frick 1978, Zwö lfer and Harris 1984. This association suggests that distribution patterns of the exotic weevils in this region are likely driven by the exotic plant hosts, with little inßuence of the native thistles.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Spatial Prediction of Habitat Overlap of Introduced and Native Thistles to Identify Potential Areas of Nontarget Activity of Biological Control Agents

et al. 2010

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Nontarget feeding of Rhinocyllus conicus Fröelich and Trichosirocalus horridus (Panzer) on native North American thistles in the genus Cirsium has been documented. Some species of these native thistles have shown greater infestation levels of R. conicus in populations that are in close proximity to the target plant species, Carduus nutans L. In 2005 a study was initiated to identify areas of potential nontarget feeding by R. conicus and T. horridus on thistle species by predicting habitats of two known introduced hosts [C. nutans and Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore] and two native species [Cirsium carolinianum (Walter) Fernald and Schubert and C. discolor (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) Sprengel] using Mahalanobis distance (D(2)). Cumulative frequency graphs showed that the D(2) models for all four plant species effectively identified site conditions that contribute to the presence of the respective species. Poisson regression showed an association between D(2) values and plant counts at field-test sites for C. nutans and C. carolinianum. However, negative binomial regression detected no association between D(2) values and plant counts for C. discolor or C. vulgare. Chi-square analysis indicated associations between both weevil species and sites where C. vulgare and Carduus nutans were found, but not between the weevil and native thistle species. Habitats of C. nutans and Cirsium carolinianum overlapped in ≈12% of the study area. Data-based habitat models may provide a powerful tool for land managers and scientists to monitor native plant populations for nontarget feeding by introduced biological control agents.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Spatial Prediction of Habitat Overlap of Introduced and Native Thistles to Identify Potential Areas of Nontarget Activity of Biological Control Agents

et al. 2010

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“…Explorations in several European countries and on a variety of Carduus species [10,12,32,121,124] were followed by detailed host specificity tests [122,128], and ultimately by release in Canada in 1968 [39]. Since 1969, R. conicus has been released in the United States in California [35,36,40], West Virginia [37], Montana [1,91,92], Maryland [8], Virginia [59,63,97,103] and Missouri [88]. Establishment has occurred in each ofthese states although the thistle species vary between locations.…”

Section: Biological Control By Natural Enemiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated pest management techniques in thistle suppression in pastures of North America

Trumble

Kok

1982

Weed Research

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Summary Thistles in the genera Carduus, Cirsium, Onopordum, and Silybum of the subtribe Carduinae have been the subjects of considerable research designed for chemical, biological, cultural, and integrated control in the United States. Problems and costs associated with chemical and cultural control techniques stimulated the introduction of biological control agents from many locations in Europe and the Middle East. Although some natural enemies have successfully suppressed thistle infestations, economic losses during the time lags between introduction and effective suppression prompted investigations into integrated control procedures. The rationale, history, and potential direction for thistle suppression has been documented in this manuscript.

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“…After the larval feeding period, the weevils pupate, and adult weevils appear 8-14 days later. The adults inhabit the plant, feed for about 2 more weeks, and then enter the soil where they overwinter and re-emerge the following spring (Surles et al 1974, Hodgson and Rees 1976, Surles and Kok 1978). Because R. conicus effectively reduces seeds and therefore reproduction in musk thistles, it was tested for release as a biological control agent in North America.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of the Exotic WeevilRhinocyllus conicusFröelich at High Elevations in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado

Hicks

Beatty

Seastedt³

2014

Western North American Naturalist

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Rhinocyllus conicus Establishment for Biocontrol of Thistles in Virginia

Cited by 28 publications

References 2 publications

Spatial Prediction of Habitat Overlap of Introduced and Native Thistles to Identify Potential Areas of Nontarget Activity of Biological Control Agents

Spatial Prediction of Habitat Overlap of Introduced and Native Thistles to Identify Potential Areas of Nontarget Activity of Biological Control Agents

Integrated pest management techniques in thistle suppression in pastures of North America

Presence of the Exotic WeevilRhinocyllus conicusFröelich at High Elevations in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado

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