2010
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10011-1040
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Rhinolith: A Case Report and Review of Literature

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Cited by 4 publications
(9 citation statements)
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“…As the size of antrorhinolith increa ses, they will give rises to complications, like dacryo cystitis, otorrhea, fetor, anosmia, palatal perfo ration and septal perforation. 3 Early diagnosis and treatment helps to reduce morbidity of antrorhinoliths.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As the size of antrorhinolith increa ses, they will give rises to complications, like dacryo cystitis, otorrhea, fetor, anosmia, palatal perfo ration and septal perforation. 3 Early diagnosis and treatment helps to reduce morbidity of antrorhinoliths.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This advanced imaging method presents high sensitivity and specificity for identifying calcifications and foreign bodies, and can be applied most effectively for the diagnosis of rhinoliths. 11,13 The differential diagnosis should include calcified polyps, impacted tooth, odontomes, granulomas, sequestration following local osteomyelitis, osteomas, chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma and sinonasal malignancy. 14 The treatment is removal of rhinolith and the approach depends upon the size and site of the rhinolith.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Its origin may be exogenous or endogenous, in which various substances may function as a potential nucleus for the deposition of mineral salts (3)(4)(5)8). Although its exact pathogenesis is not yet completely understood, the onset of reactional chronic inflammation occurs through the presence of a foreign body in the nasal cavity, which leads to the deposition of mineral salts of nasal, lachrymal or inflammatory origin around this foreign body (5,11). Blood clot remains, dried pus, epithelium peelings, leukocytes, bone fragments, products of cellular lysis, and necrosis of the mucosa are examples of endogenous precipitants.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Fruits, seeds, granules, buttons, dirt, insects, sand, peas, parasites, wood, glass and residues of gauze plugs are examples of exogenous sources (4,5,7-11). The latter items must be introduced into the nasal cavity, and this can occur anteriorly through the nostrils (generally inserted by children) or reach the posterior opening through the rhinopharynx and choanals during episodes of vomiting, sneezing and choking (3,9,11). In addition, other factors may contribute to its formation, such as obstruction or stagnation of nasal secretions, chronic and acute inflammations, deposition of calcium or magnesium salts and the enzymatic activities of bacterial pathogens (3).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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