Rhinosporidiosis presenting as an oropharyngeal mass: A clinical predicament?

Rath, Rachna; Baig, Shadab Ali; Debata, Tribikram

doi:10.4103/0976-9668.149207

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The epidemiology, infection mechanisms and pathogenesis of rhinosporidiosis are not fully elucidated. It is believed that the transmission of R. seeberi is related to sources of stagnant water and soil contaminated by spores (Rath et al, 2015), and the nasal mucosa is the main site of infection through inhalation of spores or direct contact with water, allowing for agent inoculation (Neves et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological, clinical and anatomopathological characterization of nasal rhinosporidiosis in a horse

Matias

Soares²,

Gurgel³

et al. 2022

RSD

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The objective of this study is to describe the clinical, epidemiological and anatomopathological aspects of a case of nasal rhinosporidiosis in a horse in the Northeast of Brazil. A 15-year-old female horse of mixed breed presented a nodule in the mucosa of the right nasal septum. Surgical excision was performed and sent for histopathological examination. Macroscopically, the nodule had an irregular and reddish surface, and when cut it was soft, whitish, and polypoid in shape. Microscopically, myriads of sporangia with endospores inside were observed in the lamina propria, morphologically similar to Rhinosporidium seeberi in various stages of maturation. The structures were also evidenced and marked by periodic acid Schiff (PAS), Grocott methenamine silver (GMS) and toluidine blue. The diagnosis of rhinosporidiosis was made based on macroscopic aspects and confirmed through histopathological examination. The presence of myriads of sporangia measuring 115 to 220 µm, containing endospores in its interior allowed the diagnosis. Although rhinosporidiosis is considered rare in Brazil, in the Northeast region there are descriptions of the disease in humans, suggesting that the disease in animals occurs and has possibly not been diagnosed. Therefore, it is important to include it as a differential diagnosis of diseases that affect the nasal cavity of horses in the region and that present similar lesions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological, clinical and anatomopathological characterization of nasal rhinosporidiosis in a horse

Matias

Soares²,

Gurgel³

et al. 2022

RSD

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“…The majority of the rhinosporidiosis patients are from rural areas suggesting that pathogenesis of this disease is associated with water or soil for transmission. 20…”

Section: Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Human rhinosporidiosis: still an elusive disease

Swain

2020

Int J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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Rhinosporidiosis is a granulomatous infection of the mucous membrane caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi. It usually affects the nasal and nasopharyngeal mucosa but sometimes involve extra-nasal sites such as lips, buccal mucosa, palate, larynx, trachea, lacrimal sac, skin, scalp, penis, urethra, vulva and bone. The natural habitat of this organism is water and the infection probably spreads via trans-epithelial penetration. Histopathological examination confirms the diagnosis. The treatment of choice is complete surgical excision with cauterization of the base but the medical treatment shows limited efficacy. The patient of disseminated rhinosporidosis does not respond to the conventional treatment such as surgical excision and dapsone and with amphotericin B also proved futile result. This infection is usually overlooked, despite R. seeberi being endemic in tropical country like India. Due to the negligence in the diagnosis and taxonomic enigma of rhinosporidiosis, here we discuss the details of its epidemiology, etiopathology, clinical presentations, diagnosis and current treatment. Because rhinosporidiosis is relatively rare, we hope this review article will serve as aid and guide to the medical community for helping further research.

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“…seeberi is natural inhabitant of contaminated water and dust particles harbouring spores. Soil and water harbor the spores of these pathogens and hence water and soil act as reservoir for this pathogen (Rath et al, 2015). While drinking water, abraded nasal mucosa may get the infection (70% cases) and through dust fomites conjunctiva may gave rise to ocular form (15%) of disease.…”

Section: Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhinosporidiosis: A Riddled Disease of Man and Animals

Tiwari¹

2015

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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| Rhinosporidiosis is a non-contagious, sporadic, chronic granulomatous infection of man and large domestic animals, characterised by the production of large polyps with high recurrence rate. Polyps occur mainly in nasal, ocular regions; cutaneous and disseminated forms are relatively rare. Spread of these organisms to other areas in an affected person may involve blood, lymph or auto infection. Rhinosporidiosis has been reported form more than 70 countries and mainly the reports are concentrated from Sri Lanka and Southern India. Surgical removal of the polyp will be the cure and in some cases dapsone has given some cure. From the day of inception of this disease there had been a controversy for causative agent of this condition among eukaryotic protozoan parasite or algae or fungi or prokaryotic blue green algae which finally confirmed as a fungi Rhinosporidium seeberi. Recent works by various researchers shows that R. seeberi belong to the class Mesomycetozoea. Other mystery remains in its habitat and its inability to be cultured on laboratory media. Similarly, laboratory animal infection does not yield classical form of disease as it does in human and large animals. The pathogen is so mysterious that the mechanism behind evasion of immune mechanism is also not clear. Still various aspects of disease such as mode of transmission, mechanism of infection, biology of rhinosporidiosis, immunological response and laboratory culture techniques are unresolved mysteries due to paucity of documented data which demands more exploration. This review illustrates main features of rhinosporidiosis and systematic approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of this controversial pathogen.

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Rhinosporidiosis presenting as an oropharyngeal mass: A clinical predicament?

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Epidemiological, clinical and anatomopathological characterization of nasal rhinosporidiosis in a horse

Epidemiological, clinical and anatomopathological characterization of nasal rhinosporidiosis in a horse

Human rhinosporidiosis: still an elusive disease

Rhinosporidiosis: A Riddled Disease of Man and Animals

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