Rhinovirus and childhood asthma: an update

Song, Dae Jin

doi:10.3345/kjp.2016.59.11.432

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“… 17 19 Although rhinovirus is ubiquitous and can cause infections year-round, 21 the incidence rate of rhinovirus infection is highest in spring and fall. 8 This suggests that rhinovirus is a major cause of AE in spring. Previous research indicates that 30% of the cases of AE can be explained by rhinovirus, 6 8 but its effect differs according to age group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 8 This suggests that rhinovirus is a major cause of AE in spring. Previous research indicates that 30% of the cases of AE can be explained by rhinovirus, 6 8 but its effect differs according to age group. 5 This implies an additive or synergistic interaction between the rhinovirus epidemic and other risk factors, 8 17 such as other respiratory viruses, 19 pollutants, 22 inhaled allergens, 23 or lack of asthma control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 5 This implies an additive or synergistic interaction between the rhinovirus epidemic and other risk factors, 8 17 such as other respiratory viruses, 19 pollutants, 22 inhaled allergens, 23 or lack of asthma control. 5 8 In Korea, high dust levels during spring have significant effects on respiratory diseases in children. 24 In addition, during the Asian dust season, concurrent epidemics of human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, and/or bocavirus 20 25 could affect the amplitude of the AE cycle in infants and preschool children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 3 6 Previous investigations have demonstrated age-related 2 and regional 5 7 variations of the AE cycle, although differences in the amplitude, phase, and period of this cycle, and its correlation with different age and regional groups, remain to be established. Rhinovirus infection, the most common presentation of asthma in early life, 2 is an important trigger of AE in children, 8 and its severity is greater in children than in other age groups. 9 Influenza virus infection is also a trigger of AE in adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal Cycle and Relationship of Seasonal Rhino- and Influenza Virus Epidemics With Episodes of Asthma Exacerbation in Different Age Groups

Lee

Sheen

et al. 2017

Allergy Asthma Immunol Res

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PurposeSeasonal variations in asthma exacerbation (AE) are associated with respiratory virus outbreaks and the return of children to school after vacation. This study aims to elucidate the period, phase, and amplitude of seasonal cycles of AE in 5 different age groups with regard to rhino- and influenza virus epidemics in Korea.MethodsThe number of daily emergency department (ED) visits for AE in all age groups of Korea and the nationwide weekly incidence of rhino- and influenza virus, were obtained for 2008-2012. Fourier regression was used to model rhythmicity, and the Cosinor method was used to determine the amplitude and phase of the cycles in each age group. The cross-correlation function (CCF) between AE and the rhino- and influenza virus epidemics was also calculated.ResultsThere were 157,559 events of AE (0.62 events/1,000 individuals/year) during the study period. There were spring and fall peaks of AE in children and adults, but only 1 winter peak in the elderly. The amplitude of the AE peak in infants was higher in spring than in fall (9.16 vs 3.04, P<0.010), and the fall peak was approximately 1 month later in infants than in school children (October 11 vs November 13, P<0.010). The association between AE and rhinovirus was greatest in school children (rho=0.331), and the association between AE and influenza virus was greatest in those aged ≥60 years (rho=0.682).ConclusionsThe rhythmicity, amplitude, and phase of the annual cycle of AE differed among different age groups. The patterns of AE were related to the annual rhino- and influenza virus epidemics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Seasonal Cycle and Relationship of Seasonal Rhino- and Influenza Virus Epidemics With Episodes of Asthma Exacerbation in Different Age Groups

Lee

Sheen

et al. 2017

Allergy Asthma Immunol Res

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“…HRVs are positive-sense ssRNA viruses, members of the Picornaviridae family. They are the most frequent cause of upper respiratory tract infection (51), being also the main viral pathogen isolated from patients with acute asthmatic exacerbations (53,120).…”

Section: Human Rhinovirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eosinophils and Respiratory Viruses

et al. 2019

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Eosinophils have been mainly associated with parasitic infection and pathologies such as asthma. Some patients with asthma present a high number of eosinophils in their airways. Since respiratory viruses are associated with asthma exacerbations, several studies have evaluated the role of eosinophils against respiratory viruses. Eosinophils contain and produce molecules with antiviral activity, including RNases and reactive nitrogen species. They can also participate in adaptive immunity, serving as antigen-presenting cells. Eosinophil antiviral response has been demonstrated against some respiratory viruses in vitro and in vivo, including respiratory syncytial virus and influenza. Given the implication of respiratory viruses in asthma, the eosinophil antiviral role might be an important factor to consider in this pathology.

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The Myth of Mild: Severe Exacerbations in Mild Asthma: An Underappreciated, but Preventable Problem

Kaplan

2021

Adv Ther

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Asthma is a common, chronic inflammatory airway disease, characterised by unpredictable episodes of worsening symptoms, or exacerbations. Causes of asthma exacerbations include viral infections, exposure to allergen and air pollution, all of which increase the underlying inflammation that typifies asthma. Most (50-75%) patients are classed as having mild asthma, with symptoms that can be readily controlled with available inhaled medications. Paradoxically, for the past 30 years, the first treatment recommended in asthma management guidelines was short-acting b 2 -agonists (SABA), which not only have no anti-inflammatory properties but may, in fact, worsen inflammation. The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) 2019/2020 broke with this paradox by stating clearly that SABA should no longer be used alone as a reliever, for safety reasons. Instead, GINA now recommends an anti-inflammatory rescue/reliever approach for adult and adolescent patients, based on the combination of an inhaled corticosteroid with a rapid onset b 2 -agonist such as formoterol. This commentary highlights the fact that even patients with well-controlled mild asthma are at risk of severe, potentially life-threatening exacerbations, similar to those in patients with moderate or severe asthma, and therefore 'mild asthma', is a misnomer. The commentary describes the case history of a patient with mild asthma to illustrate how increasing use of SABA alone can worsen and prolong exacerbations when they occur. The author goes on to describe how the management of this patient's exacerbation could have been improved, and provides up-todate advice on broader aspects of the management of mild asthma and exacerbations, supported by the recent changes to the GINA recommendations.

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Rhinovirus and childhood asthma: an update

Cited by 16 publications

References 82 publications

Seasonal Cycle and Relationship of Seasonal Rhino- and Influenza Virus Epidemics With Episodes of Asthma Exacerbation in Different Age Groups

Seasonal Cycle and Relationship of Seasonal Rhino- and Influenza Virus Epidemics With Episodes of Asthma Exacerbation in Different Age Groups

Eosinophils and Respiratory Viruses

The Myth of Mild: Severe Exacerbations in Mild Asthma: An Underappreciated, but Preventable Problem

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