Rhizobia species: A Boon for “Plant Genetic Engineering”

Abstract

Since past three decades new discoveries in plant genetic engineering have shown remarkable potentials for crop improvement. Agrobacterium Ti plasmid based DNA transfer is no longer the only efficient way of introducing agronomically important genes into plants. Recent studies have explored a novel plant genetic engineering tool, Rhizobia sp., as an alternative to Agrobacterium, thereby expanding the choice of bacterial species in agricultural plant biotechnology. Rhizobia sp. serve as an open license source with no major restrictions in plant biotechnology and help broaden the spectrum for plant biotechnologists with respect to the use of gene transfer vehicles in plants. New efficient transgenic plants can be produced by transferring genes of interest using binary vector carrying Rhizobia sp. Studies focusing on the interactions of Rhizobia sp. with their hosts, for stable and transient transformation and expression of genes, could help in the development of an adequate gene transfer vehicle. Along with being biologically beneficial, it may also bring a new means for fast economic development of transgenic plants, thus giving rise to a new era in plant biotechnology, viz. "Rhizobia mediated transformation technology."

"Plant-Beneficial Microbial Inoculants and Their Formulation – A Review"

“…Best known nitrogen fixing bacteria belong to the Rhizobiaceae family of Alphaproteobacteria. The most studied nitrogen fixers are Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, and Ensifer (formerly known as Sinorhizobium), although there are also Azorhizobium, Allorhizobium, and Mesorhizobium commonly called rhizobia (Patel & Sinha, 2011). The beneficial effects of symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria application has been widely documented, revealing an increased dry matter and root nodulation of the compatible leguminous plants, improved protein content and yield.…”