Rhizomorph Production by
            <i>Armillaria mellea</i>
            Induced by Ethanol and Related Compounds

Weinhold, A. R.

doi:10.1126/science.142.3595.1065

Cited by 39 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This study and previous studies (GARRAWAY 1970;WEINHOLD 1963;WEINHOLD and GARRAWAY 1966) indicated that several nutritional constituents must be present simultaneously in a synthetic medium for it to be maximally effective for thallus growth Comparison of 14C uptake and I4CO2 evolved by 7-day thalli^ of Armillaria mellea after 6 hours of incubation on media containing 14C-labelled glucose, fructose or sucrose with and without anthranilic acid and rhizomorph production by A. mellea. Key constituents include a carbon source, a nitrogen source, mineral salts, thiamine and an appropriate growth factor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Stimulation of Armillaria mellea growth by plant hormones in relation to the concentration and type of carbohydrate

Garraway

1975

Forest Pathol

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Thalli of Armillaria mellea grew vigorously and produced abundant rhizomorph after 21 days of incubation on a glucose-L-asparagme medium supplemented with auxin, but grew poorly and failed to produce rhizomorphs on a non-supplemented medium or on one supplemented with either gibberellic acid or kinetin. Replacement of glucose in auxin-supplemented medium with arabinose, fructose, galactose, maltose, sucrose or stardi resulted in poor thallus growth and a ladi of rhizomorph development. The superiority of glucose as a carbon source for thallus growth appears to be related to its superiority as a substrate for metabolism by A. mellea.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Stimulation of Armillaria mellea growth by plant hormones in relation to the concentration and type of carbohydrate

Garraway

1975

Forest Pathol

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“…Boyle (1998) described that the nitrogen source in the medium was responsible for the mycelial growth increases of L. edodes because carbon sources that did not contain nitrogen sources were ineffective. Although it is well known that Armillaria grows vigorously and produces abundant rhizomorphs when cultured on medium that is supplemented with low-concentration alcohol (Weinhold 1963), it was reported that no extension of mycelia was observed in the absence of amino acids, and carbon sources were utilized for growth only when amino acids existed in the medium with alcohol (Weinhold and Garraway 1966). The amino acids in CNF-HWSF were not the direct promoting component; it seems that the amino acids have the possibility to support activation of promoting components.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The stimulation of extracellular carbohydrases of edible mushrooms by the hot water-soluble fraction from corn fiber

et al. 2005

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Corn fiber (CNF) is an abundant by-product of the wet corn milling process in the production of cornstarch. We have shown that the hot water-soluble fraction (HWSF) from CNF has a promoting effect on the mycelial growth of various edible mushrooms, including mycorrhizal fungi. To reveal the promoting mechanisms, the effect of CNF-HWSF on the stimulation of extracellular enzymes was examined. The production of extracellular carbohydrases such as amylase, CMCase, and xylanase was markedly enhanced by the addition of low molecular weight fractions (less than MW 500) prepared from CNF-HWSF. The enzymatic stimulation and enhancement of mycelial growth appeared during 3-15 days after inoculation. Furthermore, a fraction of less than MW 500 was separated by gel filtrate chromatography into five fractions (A-E), and the effect of each fraction was investigated. Promoting effects were shown from C and D fractions; mycelial growth and enzyme production of Lentinula edodes were indicated although fraction D has no sugars and amino acids in CNF-HWSF. From these results, the promoting effect of CNF-HWSF seems to be a two-step reaction. The first step could be achieved by rich nutrients such as free amino acids and monosaccharides from CNF-HWSF. The second step (during 3-15 days) is considered to be that the marked promoting effect was caused by the stimulation of extracellular enzymes.

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“…Isolates that produced very slow-growing, crusty cultures were transferred to cellophane sheets on 3% malt agar amended with 20 mg/mL ethanol to stimulate rhizomorph production (Weinhold 1963). Mycelia and rhizomorphs were scraped from the cellophane and used fresh or were stored at -20 8C in 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tubes until needed.…”

Section: Dna Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification protocol for sixArmillariaspecies from northeastern North America

McLaughlin

Hsiang

2010

Can. J. For. Res.

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DNA sequences (~3 kb long) extending from the intergenic spacer 1 (IGS1) region to the 18S gene were obtained for isolates of Armillaria ostoyae, Armillaria calvescens, Armillaria gallica, and Armillaria sinapina. Additional investigation of 16 A. ostoyae, 11 Armillaria gemina, 21 A. calvescens, 18 A. gallica, and 15 A. sinapina isolates produced 117 sequences spanning the 3' end of the IGS1 through the 5S gene and into the 5' end of the IGS2 region. Additional sequences spanning the 3' IGS2 to 5' 18S gene region were obtained for two A. ostoyae, three A. gemina, two A. calvescens, two A. gallica, and three A. sinapina isolates. This is the first report of complete IGS2 sequences from Armillaria spp. A species identification protocol involving species-specific primers and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was devised based on species-specific polymorphisms. The protocol successfully identified all 16 A. ostoyae, 11 A. gemina, three of three Armillaria mellea, 18 A. gallica, 14 of 15 A. sinapina (11/12 diploid and 3/3 haploid), and 14 of 21 A. calvescens (13/15 diploid and 1/6 haploid) isolates included in this study. To the best of our knowledge, this success rate has not been matched by other methods.

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Rhizomorph Production by Armillaria mellea Induced by Ethanol and Related Compounds

Cited by 39 publications

References 7 publications

Stimulation of Armillaria mellea growth by plant hormones in relation to the concentration and type of carbohydrate

Stimulation of Armillaria mellea growth by plant hormones in relation to the concentration and type of carbohydrate

The stimulation of extracellular carbohydrases of edible mushrooms by the hot water-soluble fraction from corn fiber

Identification protocol for sixArmillariaspecies from northeastern North America

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