Rhizopus Arrhizus Ucp1295 Como Fonte Econômica Para Produção De Biopolímeros Funcionais Quitina E Quitosana Utilizando Substratos Renováveis / Rhizopus Arrhizus Ucp1295 as Economic Source for Production of Functional Biopolymers Chitin and Chitosan Using Renewable Substrates

Chitosan in the protection of agricultural crops against phytopathogens agents

“…Chitin is a nitrogenous polysaccharide, with a high molecular mass 21 consisting of poly-β-(1,4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc), [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] covalently bound to proteins and catechol's. 15 It is the second most abundant biopolymer in nature after cellulose.…”

“…15 It is the second most abundant biopolymer in nature after cellulose. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] It forms crystalline microfibrils, structural components of arthropod exoskeletons or fungal cell walls. 18,26 Chitin was described in 1811, by Henri Braconnot who isolated it called fungina, from higher fungi, in 1823 Odier called it chitine.…”

“…[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] It forms crystalline microfibrils, structural components of arthropod exoskeletons or fungal cell walls. 18,26 Chitin was described in 1811, by Henri Braconnot who isolated it called fungina, from higher fungi, in 1823 Odier called it chitine. 24 In the soil, chitin is degraded to GlcNAc monomers by microorganisms that synthesize chitinases and N-acetylglucosaminidases with chitosan release by deacetylases.…”

“…27 Due to the deacetylation of chitin to a percentage greater than 50%. 18 It is a high molecular weight linear polycationic heteropolysaccharide biopolymer, 27 with copolymers of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-glucosamine linked by β-(1-4) glycosidic bonds, 7,18,[27][28][29][30] Chitosan is soluble in acidic pH 15,18 due to the protonated free amino groups, 21,26 unlike chitin only soluble in concentrated acids, fluoroalcohols, 21 in dimethylacetamide or N-methylpyrrolidone 26 with a concentration of lithium chloride at 5-7%. 21,26 Figure 1 Shows chitosan dissolved in water acidified with acetic acid.…”

“…Chitosan is a product of the deacetylation of chitin, widely distributed in nature, in shells of crustaceans, insects, 7,[15][16][17][18][19] in nematodes, cephalopod beaks 20 and in fungal cell walls. 7,15,19…”