Rhizopusand tongue depressors

Harper, JJ; Coulter, Chris; Lye, GR; Nimmo, GR

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)65533-x

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…They have been isolated from soil collected in forests and garbage (352) and from skin scrapings from otherwise healthy fowl (8). R. microsporus has also been isolated from moldy lumber in Norwegian sawmills (404) and other wood products (193,261,305,475).…”

Section: Mucorales Causing Zygomycosis In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other specimens collected in the cups in which the wooden tongue depressors were stored also produced positive cultures (193). Another pseudo-outbreak of Rhizopus in hospitalized patients was traced back to the laboratory's use of nonsterile wooden sticks during the homogenization or mixing step in stool processing.…”

Section: Mucorales Causing Zygomycosis In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…microsporus and R. microsporus var. oligosporus, have also been implicated in causing disease in humans (193,233,261,305,502). In contrast to R. stolonifer and R. arrhizus, the varieties of R. microsporus have sporangiophores that do not exceed 800 to 1,000 m in length.…”

Section: Conidiobolus Coronatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Zygomycetes in Human Disease

Ribes¹,

Vanover-Sams²,

Baker³

2000

Clinical Microbiology Reviews

1,093

1,053

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Section: Mucorales Causing Zygomycosis In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mucorales Causing Zygomycosis In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Zygomycetes in Human Disease

Ribes¹,

Vanover-Sams²,

Baker³

2000

Clinical Microbiology Reviews

1,093

1,053

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Rhizopus Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zygomycetes in Human Disease

2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY The Zygomycetes represent relatively uncommon isolates in the clinical laboratory, reflecting either environmental contaminants or, less commonly, a clinical disease called zygomycosis. There are two orders of Zygomycetes containing organisms that cause human disease, the Mucorales and the Entomophthorales. The majority of human illness is caused by the Mucorales. While disease is most commonly linked to Rhizopus spp., other organisms are also associated with human infection, including Mucor, Rhizomucor, Absidia, Apophysomyces, Saksenaea, Cunninghamella, Cokeromyces, and Syncephalastrum spp. Although Mortierella spp. do cause disease in animals, there is no longer sufficient evidence to suggest that they are true human pathogens. The spores from these molds are transmitted by inhalation, via a variety of percutaneous routes, or by ingestion of spores. Human zygomycosis caused by the Mucorales generally occurs in immunocompromised hosts as opportunistic infections. Host risk factors include diabetes mellitus, neutropenia, sustained immunosuppressive therapy, chronic prednisone use, iron chelation therapy, broad-spectrum antibiotic use, severe malnutrition, and primary breakdown in the integrity of the cutaneous barrier such as trauma, surgical wounds, needle sticks, or burns. Zygomycosis occurs only rarely in immunocompetent hosts. The disease manifestations reflect the mode of transmission, with rhinocerebral and pulmonary diseases being the most common manifestations. Cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and allergic diseases are also seen. The Mucorales are associated with angioinvasive disease, often leading to thrombosis, infarction of involved tissues, and tissue destruction mediated by a number of fungal proteases, lipases, and mycotoxins. If the diagnosis is not made early, dissemination often occurs. Therapy, if it is to be effective, must be started early and requires combinations of antifungal drugs, surgical intervention, and reversal of the underlying risk factors. The Entomophthorales are closely related to the Mucorales on the basis of sexual growth by production of zygospores and by the production of coenocytic hyphae. Despite these similarities, the Entomophthorales and Mucorales have dramatically different gross morphologies, asexual reproductive characteristics, and disease manifestations. In comparison to the floccose aerial mycelium of the Mucorales, the Entomophthorales produce a compact, glabrous mycelium. The asexually produced spores of the Entomophthorales may be passively released or actively expelled into the environment. Human disease with these organisms occurs predominantly in tropical regions, with transmission occurring by implantation of spores via minor trauma such as insect bites or by inhalation of spores into the sinuses. Conidiobolus typically infects mucocutaneous sites to produce sinusitis disease, while Basidiobolus infections occur as subcutaneous mycosis of the trunk and extremities. The Entomophthorales are true pathogens, infecting primarily immunocompetent hosts. They generally do not invade blood vessels and rarely disseminate. Occasional cases of disseminated and angioinvasive disease have recently been described, primarily in immunocompromised patients, suggesting a possible emerging role for this organism as an opportunist.

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“…Email: evonne.curran@nhs custom and practice of taking specimens in multiple wards (Harper et al, 1996). A change of the supplier of tongue depressor had precipitated the outbreak.…”

Section: Evonne T Curranmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudo outbreaks and no-infection outbreaks (part 2)

Curran

2013

Journal of Infection Prevention

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Rhizopusand tongue depressors

Cited by 16 publications

References 2 publications

Zygomycetes in Human Disease

Zygomycetes in Human Disease

Zygomycetes in Human Disease

Pseudo outbreaks and no-infection outbreaks (part 2)

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