Rhodamine B dye staining for visualizing microplastics in laboratory-based studies

Tong, Huiyan; Jiang, Qianyi; Zhong, Xiaocong; Hu, Xingshuai

doi:10.1007/s11356-020-10801-4

Cited by 45 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Nevertheless, there are very few examples of other fluorescent probes. Some examples are the use of commercially available iDyes [28], Rhodamine B [29] and pyrene [30,31], all working optimally in organic solvents or requiring time consuming techniques. Perylene diimides (PDIs) are a class of industrial organic dyes which have been applied for a wide range of applications due to their stability and outstanding optical and electronic properties [32][33][34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Selective Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for No-Wash Detection of PVC Microplastic

et al. 2021

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Microplastics (MP) are micrometric plastic particles present in drinking water, food and the environment that constitute an emerging pollutant and pose a menace to human health. Novel methods for the fast detection of these new contaminants are needed. Fluorescence-based detection exploits the use of specific probes to label the MP particles. This method can be environmentally friendly, low-cost, easily scalable but also very sensitive and specific. Here, we present the synthesis and application of a new probe based on perylene-diimide (PDI), which can be prepared in a few minutes by a one-pot reaction using a conventional microwave oven and can be used for the direct detection of MP in water without any further treatment of the sample. The green fluorescence is strongly quenched in water at neutral pH because of the formation dimers. The ability of the probe to label MP was tested for polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The probe showed considerable selectivity to PVC MP, which presented an intense red emission after staining. Interestingly, the fluorescence of the MP after labeling could be detected, under excitation with a blue diode, with a conventional CMOS color camera. Good selectivity was achieved analyzing the red to green fluorescence intensity ratio. UV–Vis absorption, steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence anisotropy, fluorescence wide-field and confocal laser scanning microscopy allowed elucidating the mechanism of the staining in detail.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Selective Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for No-Wash Detection of PVC Microplastic

et al. 2021

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“…Tong et al [90] . tested the Rhodamine B staining method on five types of microplastic polymers, namely polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, and polyurethane.…”

Section: Stainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tong et al. [90] tested the Rhodamine B staining method on five types of microplastic polymers, namely polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, and polyurethane. Comparing the staining efficiency in different solvents, i. e., ethanol, distilled water, and acetone, these authors concluded that ethanol was the most appropriate solvent for staining the microplastics with Rhodamine B.…”

Section: Stainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoluminescence‐Based Techniques for the Detection of Micro‐ and Nanoplastics

Capolungo

Genovese

Montalti

et al. 2021

Chemistry A European J

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The growing numbers related to plastic pollution are impressive, with ca. 70 % of produced plastic (>350 tonnes/year) being indiscriminately wasted in the environment. The most dangerous forms of plastic pollution for biota and human health are micro‐ and nano‐plastics (MNPs), which are ubiquitous and more bioavailable. Their elimination is extremely difficult, but the first challenge is their detection since existing protocols are unsatisfactory for microplastics and mostly absent for nanoplastics. After a discussion of the state of the art for MNPs detection, we specifically revise the techniques based on photoluminescence that represent very promising solutions for this problem. In this context, Nile Red staining is the most used strategy and we show here its pros and limitations, but we also discuss other more recent approaches, such as the use of fluorogenic probes based on perylene‐bisimide and on fluorogenic hyaluronan nanogels, with the added values of biocompatibility and water solubility.

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“…Staining conditions: dye/surfactant = 1 g/L; dye/MP = 2.5 wt%; MP/aqueous solution = 1 g/L; staining time = 60 min; staining temperature = 80 °C. References [ 2 , 5 , 18 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 36 , 48 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 ] are cited in the Supplementary Materials.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Fluorescent Illumination of Microplastics in Water Utilizing a Combination of Dye/Surfactant and Quenching Techniques

Park

Hong

2022

Polymers

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Although plastics have benefited our lives in terms of cost and convenience, the disposal of end-of-life plastics poses environmental problems, such as microplastics (MPs). Although the separation (e.g., filtration) and staining of MPs with fluorescent dye/solvent are generally accepted steps to observe MPs in an environmental matrix, in this study, an in situ selective fluorescent illumination of the MPs in water was attempted with the aid of surfactant. Nonpolar fluorescent dye in combination with surfactant affords nanometer-sized dye particles in water, which adsorb on MPs and penetrate the polymer matrix for effective staining and stable fluorescent behaviors. The effects of different staining parameters, including different dyes, surfactants, staining temperatures, staining times, dye/surfactant ratios, dye/MP ratios, and MP concentrations in aqueous solutions were investigated to better understand staining conditions. More interestingly, non-adsorbed free dye molecules in the staining solution were almost completely fluorescence-quenched by introducing the quenching agent, aniline, while the fluorescence intensity of the stained MP was maintained. By staining MPs with a dye/surfactant combination and subsequently quenching with aniline, in situ selective fluorescent illumination of the MPs in water was successfully achieved, which may eliminate the tedious separation/filtration procedure of MPs to accomplish the quick detection or monitoring of MPs.

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Rhodamine B dye staining for visualizing microplastics in laboratory-based studies

Cited by 45 publications

References 22 publications

A Selective Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for No-Wash Detection of PVC Microplastic

A Selective Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for No-Wash Detection of PVC Microplastic

Photoluminescence‐Based Techniques for the Detection of Micro‐ and Nanoplastics

In Situ Fluorescent Illumination of Microplastics in Water Utilizing a Combination of Dye/Surfactant and Quenching Techniques

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