Rhodamine Fluorophores for STED Super‐Resolution Biological Imaging

Abstract

Herein, the recent achievements in the design of rhodamine dyes toward STED super-resolution bio-imaging are summarized, by classifying them into four parts according to different biological targets including the cytoskeletons, membranous organelles, DNA/RNAs and other functional substances. The basic principle for structure design as well as the relationships between chemical modification and the function for STED imaging will be mainly focused.

Exchangeable HaloTag Ligands (xHTLs) for multi-modal super-resolution fluorescence microscopy

“…1 The outstanding brightness and cell-permeability of the underlying synthetic fluorophores, usually rhodamines, make the approach particulary attractive for live-cell super-resolution microscopy techniques such as stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. 2 However, photobleaching limits multi-frame acquisition in STED microscopy. Exchangeable fluorophore labels that are constantly replenished from a large buffer reservoir provide an elegant way to reduce photobleaching.…”

Rigidify styryl-pyridinium dyes to benzo[h]coumarin-based bright two-photon fluorescent probes for cellular bioimaging

“…To fully utilize the advantages of advanced microscopy (e.g., TPM (two-photon microscopy) and STED), such as the high spatial and temporal resolution, non-destructive operation, and long-term time-lapse imaging, the probes must be suitable for far-red emission, sufficient photostability, large nonlinear absorption, compatibility with the excitation laser, and brightness in cells. [32][33][34] Our group has developed a number of uorescent mitochondrial probes based on the styryl-pyridinium platform with an ultrahigh signal-to-noise ratio and excellent leakage-free performance. [35][36][37][38] In this study, we designed and synthesized a uorescent probe for specically targeting mitochondria for a long time and successfully stained the nucleolus of xed cells.…”

Imaging of mitochondria/lysosomes in live cells and C. elegans

“…Therefore, they are extensively used for various biological investigations. 13,[21][22][23][24][25][26] Phenothiazines are a well-known class of non-porphyrin photosensitizers with good photodynamic efficiency. [27][28][29][30] We envisaged that coupling these two moieties could yield a targeted mitochondrial-specific probe with preferential uptake in cancer cells and also provide us an effective theranostic entity.…”