Rhodanine dye-based small molecule acceptors for organic photovoltaic cells

Kim, Yujeong; Song, Chang Eun; Moon, Sang‐Jin; Lim, Eunhee

doi:10.1039/c4cc01695e

Cited by 126 publications

(106 citation statements)

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“…The D:A ratio is also critical, where the same study revealed significant drops in PCE when moving away from a 1:1 ratio. 58 Zhang et al reported that blends of PBDTTT-CT donor with PDI dimer Bis-PDI-Se-EG also deteriorate with the inclusion of DIO or CN from a best PCE of 4.0 %, and instead achieved this optimal performance with a unique 6 hour o-DCB solvent vapour anneal step. 34 On the other hand, Kim et al found that the introduction of 0.5-3.0 % DIO did not improve device performance, but that blended P3HT donor and fluorene-based (Flu-RH) acceptor devices processed from o-DCB outperformed those from CB and CF, at 3.1, 1.3 and 1.3 % respectively.…”

Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…35,57 Zang et al showed that inverted devices containing the BHJ blend of PTB7-Th donor with di-PDI discussed above achieved a further improvement in PCE from 5.3 % to 5.9 % through the inclusion of this SAM. 21,34,[39][40][41][42][43][47][48][49]58 PEDOT:PSS is typically spin coated to a layer thickness of 30-40 nm onto the ITO anode following UV-ozone cleaning. 21 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulphonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is the dominant hole transport material used in conventional non-fullerene small molecule devices.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Key components to the recent performance increases of solution processed non-fullerene small molecule acceptors

et al. 2015

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In recent years, the intensive development of π-conjugated small molecule acceptors has yielded viable alternatives to fullerene acceptors in state-of-the-art organic photovoltaic devices. Small molecule acceptors are designed to replicate the favourable electronic properties of fullerenes and to overcome their inherent optical and stability deficiencies. Concurrently, advances in device engineering through rigorous optimization have seen the development of intricate device architectures and led to impressive performance increases. This review highlights a number of recent high performance non-fullerene acceptors, focusing on the design of π-conjugated structures, device optimization and the ensuing power conversion efficiencies.

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Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Key components to the recent performance increases of solution processed non-fullerene small molecule acceptors

et al. 2015

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“…Conversely, films cast from 35 mg/mL solutions at 1750 RPM for a thicker active layer resulted in very poor conventional device performance, with currents limited to less than 0.3 mA/cm 2 , compared to~2.5 mA/cm 2 for optimized inverted architecture devices. Choice of solvent is known to influence device performance through morphology [6,32,33]. However, films of this all smallmolecule blend cast from chloroform instead of CB gave inferior performance (see Supplementary Information), and those cast from ortho-dichlorobenzene (o-DCB) did not wet the PEDOT:PSS substrate layer uniformly and all test devices were short circuited.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Pivotal factors in solution-processed, non-fullerene, all small-molecule organic solar cell device optimization

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et al. 2015

Organic Electronics

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“…The CORE units utilized were phthalimide (M2), diketopyrrolopyrrole (M3), isoindigo (M4), naphthalene diimide (M5), perylene diimide (M6), and difluorobenzothiadiazole (M7); they were specifically selected to progressively increase the electron affinity of the resulting compound. 17,[18][19][20][21][22] and fused fluorene-thiophene 14,23 building blocks have also been used in several high performance OSC systems. Each material was synthesized through optimized direct heteroarylation cross-coupling procedures using bench top solvents in air.…”

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confidence: 99%

Phthalimide-based π-conjugated small molecules with tailored electronic energy levels for use as acceptors in organic solar cells

et al. 2015

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The design, synthesis, and characterization of seven phthalimide-based organic π-conjugated small molecules are reported. The new materials are based on a phthalimide-thiophene-CORE-thiophene-phthalimide architecture. The CORE units utilized were phthalimide (M2), diketopyrrolopyrrole (M3), isoindigo (M4), naphthalene diimide (M5), perylene diimide (M6), and difluorobenzothiadiazole (M7); they were specifically selected to progressively increase the electron affinity of the resulting compound. A small molecule with no core (M1) was synthesized for comparison. Each material was synthesized through optimized direct heteroarylation cross-coupling procedures using bench top solvents in air. Combinations of UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and density functional theory (DFT) were used to characterize each material. The use of various core acceptor building blocks with differing electron affinities resulted in the series M1-M7 having a range of energetically deep LUMO levels and a range of HOMO-LUMO gap energies. Meanwhile, the melting and crystallization temperatures of the molecules M1-M7 were also found to vary according to the change in central acceptor unit. Compounds M1-M7 were employed as acceptors in combination with either the polymeric donor P3HT or small molecule donor DTS(FBTTh2)2 to understand how the LUMO levels of each acceptor influences the open circuit voltage (Voc). It was found that, in general, Voc was only weakly related to the offset between the HOMO energy level of the donor and LUMO level of the acceptor used, with a Voc of up to 1.2 V being achieved for M1. IntroductionDonor-acceptor π-conjugated materials have been extensively used as the active components in sensing devices, thin film transistors, photoswitches, photovoltaics and a variety of other useful applications. 1-3 With respect to solution processed photovoltaics, the development of both donor-acceptor (D-A) conjugated polymers and small molecules has led to the realization of fullerene-based heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs) with power conversion efficiencies (PCE) reaching beyond 9%. [4][5][6][7] More recently, donor-acceptor (D-A) organic π-conjugated compounds have found utility as electron-accepting components (vide infra) in solution processed BHJ OSCs, a position that is dominated by fullerene derivatives. Key advantages of D-A compounds compared to fullerene include the fact that electronic energy levels, absorption profiles, solubility parameters, and selfassembly tendencies can be precisely controlled through both selection and functionalization of the D and A building blocks. [8][9][10] In addition, the majority of D-A compounds are easily synthesized though standard organic chemistry techniques using widely available starting materials. These advantages of D-A compounds can potentially allow for specifically matched electron-donor electron-acceptor pairings within the BHJ architecture where photon ...

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Rhodanine dye-based small molecule acceptors for organic photovoltaic cells

Cited by 126 publications

References 20 publications

Key components to the recent performance increases of solution processed non-fullerene small molecule acceptors

Key components to the recent performance increases of solution processed non-fullerene small molecule acceptors

Pivotal factors in solution-processed, non-fullerene, all small-molecule organic solar cell device optimization

Phthalimide-based π-conjugated small molecules with tailored electronic energy levels for use as acceptors in organic solar cells

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