Laser-ablated Rh atoms react to give RhO, the linear dioxide ORhO, the side-bound dioxygen adduct (O 2 )-RhO 2 , and several ORhO(O 2 ) complexes. In addition, a large number of Rh x (O 2 ) y complexes are observed, but only Rh(O 2 ) and (O 2 )Rh(O 2 ) can be identified with the support of DFT frequency calculations. These calculations also characterize (O 2 )RhO 2 as a peroxide with rhodium approaching the +6 oxidation state and (O 2 )Rh(O 2 ) between a disuperoxo and diperoxo species. Comparisons among the Co, Rh, and Ir dioxygen systems are given.