Organophosphorus compounds are of high importance in organic synthesis, catalysis, biochemistry, pharmaceuticals, and material science. In this account, we summarize our recent studies on transition metal-catalyzed transformations of P(O)-H compounds, mainly the regio-and stereo-selective additions of P(O)-H bonds to carbon-carbon unsaturated compounds, asymmetric hydrophosphorylation reactions, and oxidative/dehydrogenative cross-couplings of P(O)-H bonds with C-H and heteroatom-H bonds. These new reactions provided a series of efficient and atom economic, general and green ways for the preparation of a variety of versatile organophosphorus compounds. Mechanistic aspects related to the catalytic processes are also discussed.