Rhodobacter sphaeroides mutants which accumulate 5-aminolevulinic acid under aerobic and dark conditions

Influence of Precursors and Inhibitor on the Production of Extracellular 5-Aminolevulinic Acid and Biomass byRhodopseudomonas palustrisKG31

“…As reported by Nishikawa et al, R. sphaeroides CR-286 produced 1.5 mM ALA in the presence of 50 mM glucose, 60 mM glycine, 15 mM LA, and 1.0% (w/v) yeast extract. 19) Fu et al reported that high initial concentrations of glycine and succinate did not improve the ALA yield produced from recombinant E. coli containing the R. sphaeroides hemA gene. 20) In batch fermentation, the addition of glucose and glycine was effective to improve ALA production.…”

Biosynthesis, biotechnological production and applications of 5-aminolevulinic acid

“…Following this approach, ALA production using mutants of photosynthetic bacteria has been established (Nishikawa et al 1999;Kamiyama et al 2000).…”

Biosynthesis of intracellular 5-aminolevulinic acid by a newly identified halotolerant Rhodobacter sphaeroides

“…2). ALA synthetase is sensitive to O 2 (Smart et al 2004) and ALA production from photosynthetic bacteria under aerobic-dark condition can be obtained only by using the mutant strains (Nishikawa et al 1999). In this study, high intracellular ALA production was achieved using aerobic dark conditions with the isolates.…”

“…Phylogenetic trees were generated using TreeTop-Phylogentic Tree Prediction (GeneBee ClustalW 1.83) with default parameters (0.45 lg/g DCW) resulting from a higher ALA synthetase activity (1.8 and 1.3 unit/mg protein, respectively at 24 h). Glucose was a better carbon source than malate and also enhanced the accumulation of ALA as it supplied energy (ATP) efficiently and was a source of succinyl Co-A via TCA cycle under aerobic-dark condition (Nishikawa et al 1999) as well as decreased ALA dehydratase activity both by the competitive inhibition and by the inactivation of enzyme protein (Lee et al 2003).…”

“…The photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodobacter sphaeroides, synthesizes ALA from succinyl-CoA and glycine by ALA synthetase. A large amount of extracellular ALA was produced under anaerobic-light conditions with the addition of levulinic acid (LA), a competitive inhibitor of ALA dehydratase (Sasaki et al 1997), or under aerobic conditions using a mutant of Rhodobacter sphaeroides (Nishikawa et al 1999;Kamiyama et al 2000). Commercial ALA production was established in 1998 using an aerobic-dark culture system (Miyachi et al 1998).…”