Rhodococcus equi

Hines, Melissa T.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-2406-4.50037-5

Cited by 8 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 216 publications

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“…Of 25 foals with abdominal abscesses, clinical signs included diarrhea (9 foals), diminished growth (8 foals), and colic (1 foal) . Some foals with abdominal lymphadenitis will have lymphatic obstruction resulting in lymphangiectasia . Foals with abdominal abscesses have a poor prognosis …”

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhodococcus equi: Clinical Manifestations, Virulence, and Immunity

Giguère

Cohen

Chaffin

et al. 2011

Veterinary Internal Medicne

126

139

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Pneumonia is a major cause of disease and death in foals. Rhodococcus equi, a Gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen, is a common cause of pneumonia in foals. This article reviews the clinical manifestations of infection caused by R. equi in foals and summarizes current knowledge regarding mechanisms of virulence of, and immunity to, R. equi. A complementary consensus statement providing recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment, control, and prevention of infections caused by R. equi in foals can be found in the same issue of the Journal.

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Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhodococcus equi: Clinical Manifestations, Virulence, and Immunity

Giguère

Cohen

Chaffin

et al. 2011

Veterinary Internal Medicne

126

139

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“…It was isolated from the feces of foals in the range 10 4 -10 5 CFU/g of feces or higher (7), which was similar to our findings. In addition, a pneumonic foal with the disease can constantly shed VapA positive R. equi in its feces at over 10 6 CFU/g of feces (6). In this study, R. equi was isolated from 15/20 farms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Sellon et al (20) isolated R. equi in tracheal wash fluids from 10 (18.9%) of 54 foals with pneumonia. Different physical and environmental factors like age, season, housing conditions, immune status, heat, humidity, dust, and soil pH affect the emergence of R. equi infection (6,16,21,22). In the current study, R. equi could not be isolated from nasal swabs in foals with pneumonia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…R. equi can flourish and multiply in soil when environmental conditions are suitable; the greatest number of organisms are recovered from the soil surface (4,5). The prevalence varies widely among farms and years, with rates ranging from 0% to 100% in many enzootic farms where prevalence rates are 13% to 25% (6). The disease caused by R. equi is endemic in some farms, sporadic in others, and does not develop in most farms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation of virulent Rhodococcus equi from Arabian horses in Şanlıurfa, Turkey

Tel¹,

Keskin²

2016

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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“…The preferred treatment for foals infected with R. equi is the combination of a macrolide antibiotic (eg, erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin) and rifampin. As macrolides and rifampin have limited activity against common Gram‐negative pathogens of horses, many authors have recommended that a 3rd antimicrobial agent be added to the treatment regimen in foals from which Gram‐negative bacteria are isolated from a TBA in conjunction with R. equi . However, no data are available to support or refute this recommendation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of Mixed Bacterial Infection to Prognosis in Foals with Pneumonia Caused byRhodococcus equi

Giguère

Jordan²,

Glass

et al. 2012

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Isolation of multiple bacterial species is common in foals with Rhodococcus equi pneumonia. Hypothesis: There is no association between isolation of other microorganisms and outcome. Animals: 155 foals with pneumonia caused by R. equi. Methods: Case records of foals diagnosed with R. equi pneumonia based on culture of the respiratory tract were reviewed at 2 referral hospitals (University of Florida [UF] and Texas A&M University [TAMU]).Results: R. equi was cultured from a tracheobronchial aspirate (TBA) in 115 foals and from lung tissue in 38 foals. Survival was significantly higher at UF (71%; 70/99) than at TAMU (50%; 28/56). R. equi was significantly more likely to grow in pure cultures from samples obtained from foals at UF (55%; 54/99) than from foals at TAMU (23%; 13/56). Microorganisms cultured with R. equi included Gram-positive bacteria in 40, Gram-negative bacteria in 41, and fungi in 23 foals. The most common bacteria isolated were beta-hemolytic streptococci (n = 26) and Escherichia coli (n = 18). Mixed infections were significantly more likely to be encountered in TBA than in lung tissue. Only foals from which R. equi was cultured from a TBA were included in the analysis for association between mixed infection and outcome. After adjusting for the effect of hospital using multivariate logistic regression, mixed culture, mixed bacterial culture, Gram-positive bacteria, beta-hemolytic streptococci, Gram-negative bacteria, enteric Gram-negative bacteria, nonenteric Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi were not significantly associated with outcome.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Isolation of multiple bacteria or fungi from a TBA along with R. equi does not negatively impact prognosis.

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Rhodococcus equi

Cited by 8 publications

References 216 publications

Rhodococcus equi: Clinical Manifestations, Virulence, and Immunity

Rhodococcus equi: Clinical Manifestations, Virulence, and Immunity

Isolation of virulent Rhodococcus equi from Arabian horses in Şanlıurfa, Turkey

Relationship of Mixed Bacterial Infection to Prognosis in Foals with Pneumonia Caused byRhodococcus equi

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