Rhodococcus equi: Equine neutrophil chemiluminescent and bactericidal responses to opsonizing antibody

Martens, Ronald J.; Martens, J.G.; Renshaw, H W; Hietala, Sharon K.

doi:10.1016/0378-1135(87)90115-5

“…Antibody to R. equi may contribute to immunity in horses by blocking the initial stages of cellular infection, altering the route by which bacteria enter the macrophage, and/or decreasing the bacterium's ability to inhibit phagosome–lysosome fusion [8, 27]. In support of these observations, immune serum promoted phagocytosis and killing of R. equi by equine macrophages in vitro [31, 32]. On the other hand, adoptive transfer of resistance to nude mice was not obtained by a monoclonal antibody against virulence‐associated 15‐ to 17‐kDa antigens in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Live virulentRhodococcus equi, rather than killed or avirulent, elicits protective immunity toR. equiinfection in mice

Takaı̈

¹

,

Kobayashi

²

,

Murakami

³

et al. 1999

FEMS Immunology &Amp; Medical Microbiology

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Mice inoculated intravenously with a sublethal dose of live virulent Rhodococcus equi ATCC 33701 that contained an 85-kb virulence plasmid were immune to a lethal intravenous challenge of ATCC 33701. This immunity depended upon the dose of immunization and developed rapidly: mice primed with 10(5) live ATCC 33701 eliminated the challenged bacteria more rapidly than mice primed with doses ranging from 10(2) to 10(4) bacteria, and mice given 10(5) live ATCC 33701 intravenously withstood the lethal challenge as early as 5 days after the initial inoculation. However, this protective immunity did not develop in mice immunized with doses of heat-killed ATCC 33701 ranging from 10(6) to 10(8), or in mice immunized with doses of live ATCC 33701P-, a plasmid-cured derivative (avirulent), in doses ranging from 10(5) to 10(7). These mice had positive antibody titers against R. equi at the challenge (14 days after priming). Adoptive transfer of resistance to virulent R equi was obtained with spleen cells from mice immunized with live ATCC 33701, but not monoclonal antibody to 15- to 17-kDa virulence-associated antigens. These results revealed that live ATCC 33701P-, a plasmid-cured derivative of virulent R equi, could not elicit protective immunity, and are consistent with previous observations that protective immunity was induced by live virulent, but not killed organisms.

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“…Antibody to R. equi may contribute to immunity in horses by blocking the initial stages of cellular infection, altering the route by which bacteria enter the macrophage, and/or decreasing the bacterium's ability to inhibit phagosome^lysosome fusion [8,27]. In support of these observations, immune serum promoted phagocytosis and killing of R. equi by equine macrophages in vitro [31,32]. On the other hand, adoptive transfer of resistance to nude mice was not obtained by a monoclonal antibody against virulence-associated 15-to 17-kDa antigens in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Live virulent Rhodococcus equi, rather than killed or avirulent, elicits protective immunity to R. equi infection in mice

Takai¹

1999

FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology

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Mice inoculated intravenously with a sublethal dose of live virulent Rhodococcus equi ATCC 33701 that contained an 85-kb virulence plasmid were immune to a lethal intravenous challenge of ATCC 33701. This immunity depended upon the dose of immunization and developed rapidly: mice primed with 10(5) live ATCC 33701 eliminated the challenged bacteria more rapidly than mice primed with doses ranging from 10(2) to 10(4) bacteria, and mice given 10(5) live ATCC 33701 intravenously withstood the lethal challenge as early as 5 days after the initial inoculation. However, this protective immunity did not develop in mice immunized with doses of heat-killed ATCC 33701 ranging from 10(6) to 10(8), or in mice immunized with doses of live ATCC 33701P-, a plasmid-cured derivative (avirulent), in doses ranging from 10(5) to 10(7). These mice had positive antibody titers against R. equi at the challenge (14 days after priming). Adoptive transfer of resistance to virulent R equi was obtained with spleen cells from mice immunized with live ATCC 33701, but not monoclonal antibody to 15- to 17-kDa virulence-associated antigens. These results revealed that live ATCC 33701P-, a plasmid-cured derivative of virulent R equi, could not elicit protective immunity, and are consistent with previous observations that protective immunity was induced by live virulent, but not killed organisms.

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“…Although passive immunisation can be accomplished by administration of colostrum, gamma globulin, plasma or serum from sensitised donors, plasma and serum contain the largest array of potential protectants. In addition to specific opsonising antibody (Martens et a/ 1987;Hietala and Ardans 1987a;Heitala and Ardens 1987b) and neutralising antibody (Prescott et a/ 1984;Skalka and Svastova 1984/85;Eugster et a/ 1986), plasma and serum may contain non-specific factors such as fibronectin, complement components, interferons, lymphokines, monokines and others.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies designed to correlate the presence of R. equi antibody with clinical disease have documented the widespread prevalence of antibody to R. equi in horses and suggest that specific antibody may be more important to disease resistance than previously considered (Ellenberger et al 1984;Hietala et al 1985;Takai et al 1985). Additional studies have demonstrated the presence and biological effectiveness of opsonic activity in sera from foals with R. equi infections and R. equi antibody (Martens, Martens, Renshaw and Hietala 1987;Hietala and Ardans, 1987a;Hietala and Ardans 1987b).The pathological findings of advanced R . equi lung lesions, as reviewed by Ellenberger and Genetzky (l986), are primarily associated with a cell-mediated immune response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhodococcus equi foal pneumonia: Protective effects of immune plasma in experimentally infected foals

Martens

¹

,

Martens

²

,

Fiske

³

et al. 1989

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary The immunoprophylactic capacity of specific immune plasma was evaluated in pony foals infected experimentally with Rhodococcus equi. Immune plasma, produced by repeated parenteral administration of viable R. equi to adult horses, was harvested and frozen. Group I (six control foals) and Group II (six principal foals) received lactated Ringers solution and immune plasma respectively at three and five days of age. R. equi were aerosolised into a caudal lung lobe of all foals at seven days of age. Clinical signs, haematological alterations, immune responses, thoracic radiographs and technetium99m pulmonary perfusion scans were monitored. All foals were destroyed and complete post mortem examinations performed. All foals developed pneumonia as evidenced by clinical, radiographic and perfusion alterations, but the survival rate of principal foals was significantly (P < 0.01) greater than that of control foals. Five control foals developed terminal disease, whereas all principal foals recovered. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference in temperature response, or peripheral blood leucocyte, neutrophil or fibrinogen concentrations between groups. ELISA values for R. equi antibody were significantly (P<0.001) greater in principal foals following treatment, but there was no significant (P>0.05) difference in IgG or IgM concentrations between groups. Results of the haemolysis inhibition assay indicated that equi factor neutralising antibodies were transferred by immune plasma to the principal foals. Post mortem examinations of five control foals destroyed at approximately three weeks post infection because of terminal disease, revealed severe pyogranulomatous pneumonia. One control and all principal foals were either free of lesions or had resolving lesions and/or minimal scar formation at three months post infection. The results of this investigation document the importance of humoral factors in controlling the disease process, and the capacity of humoral immunoprophylaxis to alter the clinical progression of R. equi pneumonia.

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Rhodococcus equi: Equine neutrophil chemiluminescent and bactericidal responses to opsonizing antibody

Cited by 34 publications

References 4 publications

Live virulentRhodococcus equi, rather than killed or avirulent, elicits protective immunity toR. equiinfection in mice

Live virulentRhodococcus equi, rather than killed or avirulent, elicits protective immunity toR. equiinfection in mice

Live virulent Rhodococcus equi, rather than killed or avirulent, elicits protective immunity to R. equi infection in mice

Rhodococcus equi foal pneumonia: Protective effects of immune plasma in experimentally infected foals

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