Rhodococcus

Prescott, John F.; Meijer, Wim G.; Vázquez‐Boland, José A.

doi:10.1002/9780470958209.ch9

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Treatment durations vary from two to eight week. Therapeutic management of the pathogen is complicated due to its intracellular localization making it necessary to administer prolonged treatments, sometimes even more than three months with no guaranteed outcome of successful treatment (Muscatello et al, 2007;Prescott et al, 2010).…”

Section: Treatment In Foals/equinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Understanding of Rhodococcus Equi infection and its Zoonotic Implications

Khurana¹

2015

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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Section: Treatment In Foals/equinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Understanding of Rhodococcus Equi infection and its Zoonotic Implications

Khurana¹

2015

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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“…Rhodococcus equi is an important cause of bronchopneumonia in foals from one to six months of age, but can also cause disease in other animal species and in immunocompromised human beings (Prescott and others 2010). Even though R equi is probably not the most common cause of pneumonia in foals (Hoffman and others 1993), rhodococcosis is of concern to both horse owners and veterinarians because of the severity and chronicity of the disease and the demanding antimicrobial therapy required.…”

Section: Number Of Strains With Mic (µG/ml) Of Antimicrobial Agent ≤0mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acquired antimicrobial resistance in equineRhodococcus equiisolates

2011

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CONTEXT: Rhodococcus equi (R. equi) is an important cause of bronchopneumonia in foals. Antimicrobial susceptibility data for equine R. equi isolates are still scarce. The goal of the current research was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of recent equine R. equi isolates. MAIN CONCLUSION: Acquired antimicrobial resistance towards macrolides in R. equi isolates from Belgian foals is not very prevalent. The presence of low level acquired resistance towards rifampicin might be clinically relevant and can be attributed to point mutations in the rpoB gene. APPROACH: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on twenty-three R. equi isolates with the agar dilution assay. using Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 5% sheep blood (rifampicin, the macrolides and tetracycline) or 5% lysed horse blood (sulfisoxazole and trimethoprim). Plates were incubated at 35°C for 20-24 hours in an aerobic atmosphere. Since no clinical breakpoints or wild type cut-off values are available for R. equi, acquired resistance was assumed when MIC values showed a bimodal or multimodal distribution or tailing. The two isolates showing acquired resistance towards rifampicin and three at random selected wild type isolates were used for PCR amplification and sequencing of the rpoB gene. RESULTS: The ranges of MIC values were similar to MIC ranges described earlier. The distribution of the MIC values for the macrolides, tetracycline, sulfisoxazole and trimethoprim showed a unimodal distribution. The distribution of the MIC values for rifampicin showed a trimodal distribution with two isolates (8.7%) showing low level acquired resistance. One isolate had an MIC value of 1 µg/ml and one isolate showed an MIC value of 8 µg/ml, while the MIC range of the wild type population was 0.06 – 0.25 µg/ml. The three wild type isolates showed identical rpoB sequences. The isolates showing acquired resistance contained point mutations in the rpoB gene when compared to the wild type isolates at the amino acids His526 and Ser531, respectively. The isolate with MIC 1 µg/ml showed a His526Asn mutation. The isolate with MIC 8 µg/ml showed a Ser531Leu mutation. INTERPRETATION: There was no acquired resistance towards the tested antimicrobial agents according to the microbiological criterion, except for rifampicin. Considering that there are no veterinary clinical breakpoints for R. equi and that the therapeutic result is also strongly dependent on the stage of infection, the lack of acquired resistance does not guarantee a successful therapy. On the other hand, the presence of acquired resistance can indeed hamper the in vivo efficiency of the antimicrobial agent. Even though the current collection of isolates is relatively small, these results suggest that acquired antimicrobial resistance against macrolides is not very common in recent equine isolates obtained in Belgium. The presence of rifampicin resistance in more than 8% of the isolates emphasizes the importance of the combination therapy (rifampicin + macrolide). Even though the clinical...

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“…S. zooepidemicus opportunistically produces disease in situations of viral infection, stress, or tissue injury. Its widely ranging pathogenicity includes mastitis in cattle and goats; pneumonia, septicemia, and wound infections in lambs, puppies, and greyhounds; septicemia in chickens, dolphins, swine, guinea pigs, chinchillas, and monkeys [ 3 , 4 ]. In humans, it is associated with nephritis outbreaks and other infections (meningitis, endocarditis) often traced back to the consumption of contaminated dairy products [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outbreak of Pathogenic Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus in Guinea Pigs Farms of The Andean Region

et al. 2023

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Streptococcus zooepidemicus is an emerging zoonotic pathogen involved in septicemic infections in humans and livestock. Raising guinea pigs in South America is an important economic activity compared to raising them as pets in other countries. An outbreak of severe lymphadenitis was reported in guinea pigs from farms in the Andean region. S. zooepidemicus was isolated from multiple cervical and mandibular abscesses. Isolate was characterized by multilocus sequence typing and phylogenetic analysis. This is the first molecular characterization of a highly pathogenic strain, showing major important virulence factors such as the M-like protein genes szP and mlpZ, the fimbrial subunit protein gene fszF, and the protective antigen-like protein gene spaZ. Additionally, this guinea pig strain was phylogenetically related to equines but distant from zoonotic and pig isolates reported in other countries.

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Rhodococcus

Cited by 5 publications

References 85 publications

Current Understanding of Rhodococcus Equi infection and its Zoonotic Implications

Current Understanding of Rhodococcus Equi infection and its Zoonotic Implications

Acquired antimicrobial resistance in equineRhodococcus equiisolates

Outbreak of Pathogenic Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus in Guinea Pigs Farms of The Andean Region

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