Rhodopseudomonas faecalis sp. nov., a phototrophic bacterium isolated from an anaerobic reactor that digests chicken faeces

Abstract

Five isolates of a previously undescribed species of purple non-sulfur phototrophic bacteria were characterized. They were Gram-negative, had mobile, budding vibrioid cells and contained lamellar intracytoplasmic membranes. Cultures produced red pigments in the light. Live cells of photosynthetic cultures exhibited absorption maxima at 382, 460-464, 494-496, 534-538, 596, 804-806 and 870-874 nm, indicating the presence of bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids belonging to the spirilloxanthin series in cells. The new isolates grew anaerobically or microaerobically in the light, but not aerobically in the dark. Optimal growth occurred at 35-40 degrees C and at pH 6.5-8.5. Various organic compounds were used as photosynthetic electron donors and carbon sources. Sulfate was used as sulfur source for growth. Ubiquinone 10 was synthesized as the major quinone. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain gc(T), a representative of the new isolates, was closest to Rhodopseudomonas palustris, with a similarity of 97.5%. DNA-DNA hybridization further distinguished strain gc(T) from Rhodopseudomonas palustris at the species level. Therefore, the name Rhodopseudomonas faecalis sp. nov. was proposed for the new isolates. The type strain is gc(T) ( = AS1.2176(T) = JCM 11668(T)).

Composition and localization of bacteriochlorophyll a intermediates in the purple photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas sp. Rits

“…palustris strains, but were differentiated from Rps. palustris based on their phenotypic characterizations and another molecular genetic analyses (Hougardy et al 2000;Zhang et al 2002). The strain Rits is able to synthesize photosynthetic pigments and to grow under phototrophic conditions as well as under aerobic dark conditions (vide infra).…”

Biochemistry and molecular biology of lithotrophic sulfur oxidation by taxonomically and ecologically diverse bacteria and archaea

“…Regardless of their sulfide sensitivity, PNSB are metabolically highly diverse, and a good number of species are capable of growing chemoorganotrophically or chemolithoautotrophically under aerobic to microaerobic conditions in the dark (Kondratieva et al , 1992; Imhoff, 1995). These attributes not only allow them to occupy a wide range of habitats (Zhang et al , 2002; Do et al , 2003) but also provide a competitive edge over PSB in light‐limited environments (Madigan, 1988). Thiosulfate is also used by many species, and oxidized either to tetrathionate or completely to sulfate (Brune, 1995a; Appia‐Ayme et al , 2001; Imhoff, 2001d).…”

Enhancement of growth and yield of tomato by Rhodopseudomonas sp. under greenhouse conditions

“…Unexpectedly, PNSB occur widely in aquatic and terrestrial environments, and most species of this bacterial group, such as Rhodopseudomonas spp. are able to grow anaerobically in the light or aerobically in the dark with many carbon sources and electron donors (Zhang et al, 2002). The pigments, metabolites, and nutrients made by PNSB could give some positive effects on plant growth.…”