RhRu Alloy‐Anchored MXene Nanozyme for Synergistic Osteosarcoma Therapy

Abstract

Osteosarcoma is a life-threatening malignant bone tumor, which mainly occurs in children and adolescents. [1,2] In the clinic, common treatments for osteosarcoma include surgical excision, drug therapy, and radiotherapy. [3] However, due to the side effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and incomplete removal of tumor by surgical resection, the prognosis of osteosarcoma patients is still unsatisfactory. [4][5][6][7][8] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop innovative strategies to improve the therapeutic efficacy and minimize side effects.Recently, nanozyme-based cancer therapy has recently received great interest for the enhanced therapeutics outcome. Nanozyme is a kind of nanomaterials with enzyme-like characteristics, including metal, metal oxide or sulfide, carbon, and hybrid, [9] which is promising for Noble metal nanozymes hold promise in cancer therapy due to adjustable enzyme-like activities, unique physicochemical properties, etc. But catalytic activities of monometallic nanozyme are confined. In this study, 2D titanium carbide (Ti 3 C 2 T x )-supported RhRu alloy nanoclusters (RhRu/Ti 3 C 2 T x ) are prepared by a hydrothermal method and utilized for synergistic therapy of chemodynamic therapy (CDT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), and photothermal therapy (PTT) on osteosarcoma. The nanoclusters are small in size (3.6 nm), uniform in distribution, and have excellent catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD)-like activities. Density functional theory calculations show that there is a significant electron transfer interaction between RhRu and Ti 3 C 2 T x , which has strong adsorption to H 2 O 2 and is beneficial to enhance the enzyme-like activity. Furthermore, RhRu/Ti 3 C 2 T x nanozyme acts as both PTT agent for converting light into heat, and photosensitizer for catalyzing O 2 to 1 O 2 . With the NIR-reinforced POD-and CAT-like activity, excellent photothermal and photodynamic performance, the synergistic CDT/PDT/PTT effect of RhRu/ Ti 3 C 2 T x on osteosarcoma is verified by in vitro and in vivo experiments. This study is expected to provide a new research direction for the treatment of osteosarcoma and other tumors.

Rhodium‐Based Nanozymes: Recent Advances and Challenges

“…Yanling Liang et al synthesized RhRu/Ti 3 C 2 T x for synergistic osteosarcoma therapy. [24] The nanoparticles were first dispersed in PEG. Then, by dispersing the liquid on the sheet, the RhRu nanoparticles can be uniformly dispersed on the surface of the Ti 3 C 2 T x sheet to exert a catalytic effect.…”

“…Yanling Liang et al synthesized a kind of Rh-based nanozyme for therapeutic application in this field. [24] 2D titanium carbide (Ti 3 C 2 T x ) supported RhRu alloy nanoclusters (RhRu/Ti 3 C 2 T x ) are prepared by a hydrothermal method and utilized for synergistic therapy of CDT, PDT, and PTT on osteosarcoma. With the NIR-reinforced PODlike and CAT-like activity, excellent photothermal and photodynamic performance, the synergistic CDT/PDT/PTT effect of RhRu/Ti 3 C 2 T x on osteosarcoma is verified by in vitro and in vivo experiments.…”

“…Reproduced from ref. [24] Copyright (2022), with permission from Elsevier. B 2 (OH) 4 to catalyze hydrolysis to get H 2 , which has important implications for the development of carbon-free energy prospects, mechanistic features, and synthesis.…”

“…Yanling Liang et al. synthesized RhRu/Ti 3 C 2 T x for synergistic osteosarcoma therapy [24] . The nanoparticles were first dispersed in PEG.…”

“…In addition, the Rh 22 Ir 78 NPs [40] nanoparticles below reduce the binding energy difference of the intermediates due to the multicomponent synergistic effect and electronic effects generated by Rh with Iridium (Ir) and gold (Au), leading to kinetically accelerated catalytic performance and increased durability of the nanoparticles used. uRh‐mSNO NPs [14f] and RhRu/Ti 3 C 2 T x [24] also shows high multicomponent synergistic effect. In conclusion, the multicomponent synergistic effect provides insight into improving the catalytic activity of Rh‐based nanozymes.…”