Rhus Coriaria L. Extract: Antioxidant Effect and Modulation of Bioenergetic Capacity in Fibroblasts from Parkinson’s Disease Patients and THP-1 Macrophages

Abstract

Sumac, Rhus coriaria L., is a Mediterranean plant showing several useful properties, such as antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. Currently, there is no evidence about its possible neuroprotective action in Parkinson’s disease (PD). We hypothesized that sumac could modulate mitochondrial functionality in fibroblasts of familial early-onset PD patients showing PARK2 mutations. Sumac extract volatile profile, polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity have been previously characterized. We evaluated ROS and ATP levels on sumac-treated patients’ and healthy control fibroblasts. In PD fibroblasts, all treatments were effective in reducing H2O2 levels, while patients’ ATP content was modulated differently, probably due to the varying mutations in the PARK2 gene found in individual patients which are also involved in different mitochondrial phenotypes. We also investigated the effect of sumac extract on THP-1-differentiated macrophages, which show different embryogenic origin with respect to fibroblasts. In THP-1 macrophages, sumac treatment determined a reduction in H2O2 levels and an increase in the mitochondrial ATP content in M1, assuming that sumac could polarize the M1 to M2 phenotype, as demonstrated with other food-derived compounds rich in polyphenols. In conclusion, Rhus coriaria L. extracts could represent a potential nutraceutical approach to PD.

Oxidative Damage and Post-COVID Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Cohort of Italian Workers

“…Total hydroperoxide (TH) production was measured by a d-ROMs Kit (Diacron Srl, Grosseto, Italy), as described in [ 58 ] with some modifications. This method is based on Fenton’s reaction, where the hydroperoxides present in the sample react with iron generating alkyl (R-O) and peroxyl (R-OO) radicals.…”

Investigation of Phenolic, Flavonoid and Total Antioxidant Capacity of Sumac (Rhus Coriaria L.) Plant Grown in Different Regions and Subjected to Different Preservation Methods

“…The difference between the groups is statistically significant (p<0.05), and at the end of the waiting period, the decrease in TEAC values in the second group is greater than in the third group. Isgrò et al [30] stated that the IC50 value of the sumac sample was 0.41 ± 0.02 mg mL -1 and the TEAC value was 1.76 ± 0.10 mmol troloxs E (g extract) -1 . Cakmak et al [23] reported that the IC50 and TEAC values in wild white hambeles fruits were 39.21 ± 1.25 μg mL -1 and 295.08 ± 12.50 μmol troloxs (g dw) -1 , respectively.…”

The Nutraceutical Properties of Rhus coriaria Linn: Potential Application on Human Health and Aging Biomedicine

“…Neurodegenerative diseases often present cellular dysfunction, given by ROS action on DNA and proteins, or altered genetic factors involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Particularly, the capacity to polarize THP-1 cells to macrophage M1 phenotype, and to reduce levels of hydrogen peroxide in fibroblasts in Parkinson’s patients and in monocyte-derived macrophages THP-1, suggested a possible role of Sumac extracts at the concentrations of 3.125 μg/mL, 12.5 μg/mL, or 50 µg/mL to treat Parkinson’s diseases in terms of cellular dysfunction in the presence of a PARK2 mutation in a dose-dependent manner [ 53 ].…”