Rhyolite magma processes of the ∼AD 1315 Kaharoa eruption episode, Tarawera volcano, New Zealand

Nairn, I. A.; Shane, Phil; Cole, J. W.; Leonard, Graham S.; Self, Stephen; Pearson, Norman J.

doi:10.1016/s0377-0273(03)00381-0

Cited by 118 publications

(114 citation statements)

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“…The explosive plinian phase of the previous eruption of Mt Tarawera, the rhyolitic Kaharoa eruption in ca. 1314 AD, lasted an estimated ~57 hours (Nairn et al, 2004). In Kamchatka, Russia, the major explosive phase of the eruption of Klyuchevskoy volcano in October, 1994, lasted ~36 hours (intense for ~10 hours) (Miller and In other cases, however, eruption episodes can be more prolonged with sporadic or moreor-less continuous activity extending over some years or even decades (Jenkins et al, 2007 In these cases of prolonged eruption events or episodes the question therefore arises regarding the use of associated tephra deposits as "isochrons" because of the length of time that such deposits represent.…”

Section: Defining 'Isochronous' and 'Isochrons'mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tephrochronology and its application: A review

Lowe

2011

Quaternary Geochronology

649

535

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Tephrochronology (from tephra, Gk "ashes") is a unique stratigraphic method for linking, dating, and synchronizing geological, palaeoenvironmental, or archaeological sequences or events. As well as utilizing the Law of Superposition, tephrochronology in practise requires tephra deposits to be characterized (or "fingerprinted") using physical properties evident in the field together with those obtained from laboratory analyses. Such analyses include mineralogical examination (petrography) or geochemical analysis of glass shards or crystals using an electron microprobe or other analytical tools including laser-ablation-based mass spectrometry or the ion microprobe. The palaeoenvironmental or archaeological context in which a tephra occurs may also be useful for correlational purposes. Tephrochronology provides greatest utility when a numerical age obtained for a tephra or cryptotephra is transferrable from one site to another using stratigraphy and by comparing and matching inherent compositional features of the deposits with a high degree of likelihood. Used this way, tephrochronology is an age-equivalent dating method that provides an exceptionally precise volcanic-event stratigraphy. Such age transfers are valid because the primary tephra deposits from an eruption essentially have the same short-lived age everywhere they occur, forming isochrons very soon after the eruption (normally within a year).As well as providing isochrons for palaeoenvironmental and archaeological reconstructions, tephras through their geochemical analysis allow insight into volcanic and magmatic processes, and provide a comprehensive record of explosive volcanism and recurrence rates in the Quaternary (or earlier) that can be used to establish time-space relationships of relevance to volcanic hazard analysis.The basis and application of tephrochronology as a central stratigraphic and geochronological tool for Quaternary studies are presented and discussed in this review. Topics covered include principles of tephrochronology, defining isochrons, tephra nomenclature, mapping and correlating tephras from proximal to distal locations at metre-through to sub-3 millimetre-scale, cryptotephras, mineralogical and geochemical fingerprinting methods, numerical and statistical correlation techniques, and developments and applications in dating including the use of flexible depositional age-modelling techniques based on Bayesian statistics.Along with reference to wide-ranging examples and the identification of important recent advances in tephrochronology, such as the development of new geoanalytical approaches that enable individual small glass shards to be analysed near-routinely for major, trace, and rare-earth elements, potential problems such as miscorrelation, erroneous-age transfer, and tephra reworking and taphonomy (especially relating to cryptotephras) are also examined. Some of the challenges for future tephrochronological studies include refining geochemical analytical methods further, improving understanding of cryptotephra dis...

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Section: Defining 'Isochronous' and 'Isochrons'mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tephrochronology and its application: A review

Lowe

2011

Quaternary Geochronology

649

535

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“…Jordan (1996, p. 194 note 63) refers to Swedish chronicles mentioning unusual thunder and terrible displays of lightning in 1315. Th e rainy weather may be connected with an eruption of the volcano Kaharoa in New Zealand, which lasted about five years; Nairn et al (2004).…”

Section: Volatility In Real Wages and Pricesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exchange Rates, Prices, and Wages, 1277–2008

Straumann

2011

Scandinavian Economic History Review

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“…The triggering mechanism of the violent volcanic eruption is often intrusion of basaltic magma into the more evolved felsic magma chamber (Sparks et al 1977;Pallister et al 1996;Murphy et al 2000;Nairn et al 2004), but in some cases the arrival of a new rhyolitic magma reactivates another rhyolite magma at depth Eichelberger and Izbekov 2000;Smith et al 2004;Shane et al 2008). In the Harsány eruption episode, no sign of basaltic intrusion can be observed.…”

Section: Model 3: Derivation From Isolated Magma Batches and Syn-erupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bimodal pumice populations in the 13.5 Ma Harsány ignimbrite, Bükkalja Volcanic Field, Northern Hungary: Syn-eruptive mingling of distinct rhyolitic magma batches?

Lukács

Harangi

Mason

et al. 2009

Central European Geology

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The 13.5 Ma Harsány ignimbrite, in the eastern part of the Bükkalja volcanic field, eastern-central Europe, provides a rare example of mingled rhyolite. It consists of two distinct pumice populations ('A'-and 'B'-type) that can be recognized only by detailed geochemical work. The pumice and the host ignimbrite have a similar mineral assemblage involving quartz, plagioclase, biotite and sporadic Kfeldspar. Zircon, allanite, apatite and ilmenite occur as accessory minerals. The distinct pumice types are recognized by their different trace element compositions and the different CaO contents of their groundmass glasses. Plagioclase has an overlapping composition; however, biotite shows bimodal composition. Based on trace element and major element modeling, a derivation of 'A'-type rhyolite magma from the 'B'-type magma by fractional crystallization is excluded. Thus, the two pumice types represent two isolated rhyolite magma batches, possibly residing in the same crystal mush. Coeval remobilization of the felsic magmas might be initiated by intrusion of hot basaltic magma into the silicic magma reservoir The rapid ascent of the foaming rhyolite magmas enabled only a short-lived interaction and thus, a syn-eruptive mingling between the two magma batches. Central European Geology, Vol. 52/1, pp. 51-72 (2009) DOI: 10.1556/CEuGeol.52.2009 Bimodal pumice populations in the 13.

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Rhyolite magma processes of the ∼AD 1315 Kaharoa eruption episode, Tarawera volcano, New Zealand

Cited by 118 publications

References 50 publications

Tephrochronology and its application: A review

Tephrochronology and its application: A review

Exchange Rates, Prices, and Wages, 1277–2008

Bimodal pumice populations in the 13.5 Ma Harsány ignimbrite, Bükkalja Volcanic Field, Northern Hungary: Syn-eruptive mingling of distinct rhyolitic magma batches?

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