Rhythmic movement disorder in childhood: An integrative review

Gwyther, Amy R.M.; Walters, Arthur S.; Hill, Catherine M.

doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2016.08.003

Cited by 43 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Sleep-related rhythmic movements (RMs) are repetitive, stereotypic, large muscle group movements that occur at a frequency of 0.5-2.0 Hz, usually prior to sleep onset and sometimes during sleep [1][2][3][4][5][6] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Objectively confirmed prevalence of sleep-related rhythmic movement disorder in pre-school children

et al. 2019

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Childhood sleep-related rhythmic movement disorder (RMD)-sleep-related repetitive movements involving large muscle groups-can impair sleep quality, cause local injury and disturb household members. Previous parental reports indicate prevalence rates in children under 3 years of age between 5.5 and 67%. We studied the prevalence of RMD with objective home videosomnography. Methods Parents of 707 children having their one-year routine health check (357 male), 740 children having their two-year health check (395 male), and 17 children of unknown age (9 male), were asked if their child showed sleep-related rhythmic movements. If telephone interview confirmed likely RMD, parents completed a standardised clinical questionnaire and three nights of home videosomnography. Results At the one-year health check, 31/707 possible cases of RMD were identified (maximal prevalence: 4.38%; 95% CI [2.81, 5.89]) compared to 11/740 at the two-year check (maximal prevalence: 1.49%, 95% CI [0.61, 2.36]). Of 42 possible cases, 9 had resolved; 14 were uncontactable, or did not wish to participate, and 4 did not complete the study protocol. In four of ten remaining one-year olds and four of five remaining two-year olds parental report was objectively confirmed by videosomnography. Minimal prevalence based on objective observation was therefore 0.28% (95% CI [0.08, 1.30]) at one-year check and 0.41% (95% CI [0.08, 1.24]) at two-year check. Conclusions Prevalence of RMD in a large population of infants and toddlers was lower than previously reported (maximum prevalence 2.87%, minimum prevalence 0.34%). It is important to confirm parental report using objective measures. Highlights • Sleep-related rhythmic movements may have severe clinical consequences. • Prevalence was assessed in a large cohort (N=1464) of infants and toddlers. • Parental report of symptoms could be objectively confirmed in 53.3% of cases. • The prevalence in our sample is much lower (maximal 2.87%) than previously reported.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Objectively confirmed prevalence of sleep-related rhythmic movement disorder in pre-school children

et al. 2019

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“…Childhood sleep‐related rhythmic movements are sleep‐related repetitive movements involving large muscle groups, such as striking a body part against a surface (head or limb banging), body rocking, or body rolling. Considered a self‐limited and normal phenomenon between the ages of early infancy to 4 years, it is thought to be a conditioned behavior to induce sleep; however, if accompanied by trauma or impaired sleep or daytime functioning, it is classified as a sleep‐related rhythmic movement disorder (RMD) . Most cases of RMD occur during the transition from drowsy wakefulness to sleep and last <15 minutes, although movements may vary in duration .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep‐related rhythmic movement disorder: A case report of head banging alopecia

Oska

Zarbo

Jahnke

2020

Pediatric Dermatology

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We present a case of alopecia associated with sleep‐related rhythmic movement disorder (RMD) in an otherwise healthy 2‐year‐old boy. The alopecic patch he presented with on his scalp coincided with the location of repeated head banging in a video taken by the patient's mother. Alopecia secondary to RMD is an under recognized entity and should be included in the differential diagnosis of pediatric alopecia.

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“…The prevalence of SRM has been reported to be 5.5% at 2.5 years old, but then decreases to only 2% at 6 years old in otherwise healthy children (Petit et al, ). This behaviour mostly occurs during infancy and toddlerhood, and little is known about its aetiology and related outcomes (American Academy of Sleep Medicine, ; Gwyther, Walters, & Hill, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal characteristics and behavioural/emotional problems in preschoolers: how they relate to sleep rhythmic movements at sleep onset

Laganière

Gaudreau

Pokhvisneva

et al. 2018

Journal of Sleep Research

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Sleep rhythmic movements have been speculated to be a form of self-soothing. While this sleep-related movement has been associated with lower socioeconomic status, psychopathologies and maternal characteristics, prospective studies with sizeable sample and objective measurements are lacking. The objectives were: (a) to identify maternal characteristics predicting sleep rhythmic movements in children; and (b) to document behavioural/emotional problems in preschoolers with sleep rhythmic movements. Participants were mother-child dyads (N = 529) from the Adversity: Maternal Adversity, Vulnerability and Neurodevelopment cohort. Questionnaires evaluating socioeconomic status (prenatal), maternal depressive symptoms (prenatal, 48 months), sleep rhythmic movements (12, 18, 24, 36, 48 months), maternal anxiety trait (24 months) and children's behavioural/emotional problems (48 months) were used. Maternal sensitivity (accuracy and appropriateness of mother's responses to her baby's needs) was assessed objectively with a filmed mother-infant interaction (6 months). Generalized estimating equation was used to investigate associations between sleep rhythmic movements and maternal characteristics (depression, anxiety and sensitivity). Linear regressions were used to assess associations between sleep rhythmic movements and behavioural/emotional problems in children. Lower maternal sensitivity, higher maternal depressive symptoms and lower socioeconomic status predicted sleep rhythmic movements in children (p < 0.05). To our knowledge, this is the first study showing that sleep rhythmic movements are associated with lower maternal sensitivity, measured objectively. This study also builds on previous reports, by documenting an association between sleep rhythmic movements and behavioural/emotional problems even in preschoolers. The presence of psychosocial factors in sleep rhythmic movements aetiology should be considered in treatment.

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Rhythmic movement disorder in childhood: An integrative review

Cited by 43 publications

References 58 publications

Objectively confirmed prevalence of sleep-related rhythmic movement disorder in pre-school children

Objectively confirmed prevalence of sleep-related rhythmic movement disorder in pre-school children

Sleep‐related rhythmic movement disorder: A case report of head banging alopecia

Maternal characteristics and behavioural/emotional problems in preschoolers: how they relate to sleep rhythmic movements at sleep onset

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