Rhythms can overcome temporal orienting deficit after right frontal damage

Neural dissociation of automatic and controlled temporal preparation by transcranial magnetic stimulation

“…As it is usual in temporal orienting research (e.g., Nobre, 2001;Triviño et al, 2011), the analysis focused on short foreperiod data, given that validity effects are larger or unique to the short foreperiod. This analysis did not include practice trials, anticipations (2.84%), misses (.42%), and trials with RTs below 100 ms and above 1200 ms (1.97%).…”

“…On the last appearance of the two lines they became thicker to warn participants about the upcoming target. This additional warning of the rhythmic condition was already included in the previous neuropsychological study to facilitate temporal preparation for patients (Triviño et al, 2011), and was held in the current study just for comparison purposes across studies. Note, however, that we have found similar patterns of preparation regardless of the presence/absence of this final warning Sanabria and Correa, 2013).…”

“…The first question was addressed by a neuropsychological study (Triviño et al, 2011), which found that right prefrontal patients (N ¼ 10) could use rhythms but not symbolic cues to develop temporal preparation. In contrast, left prefrontal patients (N ¼5) could use symbolic cues for temporal orienting, but they did not show significant effects of preparation guided by rhythms.…”

“…However, this latter result was based on a small sample of five patients only. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to test for the double neural dissociation between type of cues driving temporal preparation and laterality of prefrontal cortex, as suggested by Triviño et al (2011). Regarding the second question, we used the TMS methodology to address the role of DLPFC in these effects in healthy participants.…”

“…We used the two temporal preparation tasks as in Triviño et al (2011), temporal orienting and rhythms. Hence, following the classic "virtual lesion" model (Pascual-Leone et al, 1999) our predictions were based on their neuropsychological results.…”