Ribonucleic acid metabolism in unfertilized and fertilized sea-urchin eggs

Brachet, Jean; Decroly, Marc; Ficq, Adrienne; Quertier, Jacqueline Hanocq

doi:10.1016/0926-6550(63)90395-5

Cited by 64 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…From many ofthese studies, it is known that sea urchin eggs contain a store of mRNA that begins to be translated soon after fertilization and is sufficient to sustain development through the blastula stage (Brachet et al, 1963;Denny and Tyler, 1964;Gross and Cousineau, 1964). Subsequent 0 1995 WILEY-LISS, INC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Developmentally regulated protease expression during sea urchin embryogenesis

Vafa

Nishioka

1995

Molecular Reproduction Devel

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A temporal study of protease expression employing the technique of SDS-PAGE gelatin substrate zymography revealed a definitive appearance of proteases during early development in the sea urchins, Lytechinus pictus and Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. The levels of these proteases increase substantially during gastrulation in each species. The two major proteases with relative molecular masses of 57 and 50 kDa were found to be inhibited by the zinc chelator, 1,10-phenanthroline, the more nonspecific metal chelator, EDTA, and the reducing agent, dithiothreitol. The serine protease inhibitor, benzamidine, exerted no effects on the activities of these proteases, and both enzymes exhibited activity in the neutral to slightly basic pH range. Treatment of embryos with actinomycin D, an inhibitor of transcription, beginning up to 9 hr after fertilization, inhibited the subsequent appearances of the two proteases 48 hr after fertilization, as well as any morphological changes associated with gastrulation. Treatments beginning 15 and 21 hr after fertilization resulted in increased levels of proteases that correlate with arrests at successively more advanced stages of gastrulation. SDS-PAGE zymographic analyses of five different embryo fractions indicated that the 57- and 50-kDa proteases are localized in the blastocoel, and blastocoelic protease activity was further confirmed microscopically by in situ zymography. Hence, the 57- and 50-kDa proteases are characterized as metalloproteases. Their expression is dependent on transcription of the embryonic genome, and their spatiotemporal appearance suggests an involvement in blastocoelic matrix remodeling during gastrulation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Developmentally regulated protease expression during sea urchin embryogenesis

Vafa

Nishioka

1995

Molecular Reproduction Devel

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“…Il décrit également le centrosome et son rôle dans la fécondation et la division cellulaire (Boveri, 1888). Boveri avait déjà pressenti que le cytoplasme était en grande partie responsable du contrôle spatial et temporel des premiers clivages embryonnaires mais c'est dans les années 1960, que le stockage, dans le cytoplasme de l'ovocyte, de protéines et d'ARN messagers maternels nécessaires au développement de l'embryon sera mis en évidence (Brachet et al, 1963 ;Denny & Tyler, 1964 ;Gross & Cousineau, 1964). C'est également de nombreuses années plus tard que l'on réalisera l'importance de deux découvertes : la totipotence des cellules embryonnaires précoces d'oursin, due à Driesch (1891) et Spemann (1936) et le concept d'équivalence des noyaux proposé par Delage (1895), professeur à la Sorbonne et Directeur de la station biologique de Roscoff, en conclusion de ses travaux sur la parthénogenèse artificielle de l'embryon d'oursin (commenté dans Beetschen & Fischer, 2004 ;Delage, 1895 ;Delage, 1903 ;Driesch, 1891 ;Spemann, 1936).…”

Section: De La Fécondation à La Première Division De L'oeuf Un Chemin...unclassified

Embryon d'oursin et séquençage du génome de l'espèce S. purpuratus : quels apports à l'étude du cycle cellulaire ?

Genevière

Aze²,

Even³

2007

J. Soc. Biol.

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Sea urchin is a classical research model system in developmental biology; moreover, the external fertilization and growth of embryos, their rapid division cycle, their transparency and the accessibility of these embryos to molecular visualization methods, made them good specimens to analyze the regulatory mechanisms of cell division. These features as well as the phylogenetic position of sea urchin, close to vertebrates but in an outgroup within the deuterostomes, led scientists working on this model to sequence the genome of the species S. purpuratus. The genome contains a full repertoire of cell cycle control genes. A comparison of this toolkit with those from vertebrates, nematodes, drosophila, as well as tunicates, provides new insight into the evolution of cell cycle control. While some gene subtypes have undergone lineage-specific expansions in vertebrates (i.e. cyclins, mitotic kinases,...), others seem to be lost in vertebrates, for instance the novel cyclin B identified in S. purpuratus. On the other hand, some genes which were previously thought to be vertebrate innovations, are also found in sea urchins (i.e. MCM9). To note is also the absence of cell cycle inhibitors of the INK type, which are apparently confined to vertebrates. The uncovered genomic repertoire of cell-cycle regulators will thus provide molecular tools that should further enhance future research on cell cycle control and developmental regulation in this model.

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“…In echinoderms, Brachet, Decroly, Ficq, and Quertier (1963) reported no phosphate incorporation into RNA nucleotids after a short pulse in early cleavage until the blastula stage. But they observed H3-uridine _?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytological and Autoradiographic Study on Ribonucleic Acid Synthesis in Preimplantation Eggs of the Syrian Hamster

Utakoji

1969

CYTOLOGIA

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Ribonucleic acid metabolism in unfertilized and fertilized sea-urchin eggs

Cited by 64 publications

References 8 publications

Developmentally regulated protease expression during sea urchin embryogenesis

Developmentally regulated protease expression during sea urchin embryogenesis

Embryon d'oursin et séquençage du génome de l'espèce S. purpuratus : quels apports à l'étude du cycle cellulaire ?

Cytological and Autoradiographic Study on Ribonucleic Acid Synthesis in Preimplantation Eggs of the Syrian Hamster

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