Ribosomal RNA genes specific to the B chromosomes in <i>Brachycome dichromosomatica</i> are not transcribed in leaf tissue

Donald, Tamzin M.; Houben, Andreas; Leach, Carolyn R.; Timmis, Jeremy N.

doi:10.1139/g97-089

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Isolation of RNA and DNA: Total cellular RNA and DNA of C. capillaris were prepared from young leaves and flower buds as previously described (Donald et al 1997). DNA of herbarium specimens of Crepis species was isolated by using a DNeasy plant kit (QIAGEN, Chatsworth, CA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Evidence for Transcription of Genes on a B Chromosome in Crepis capillaris

et al. 2005

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Dispensable, supernumerary (B) chromosomes are found in diverse eukaryotic species. The origin and genetic consequences of B chromosomes have been the subjects of speculation for more than a century. Until now, there has been no molecular evidence that B chromosome DNA is transcribed and there is no unequivocal evidence as to their origin. B chromosomes are considered to be genetically inert although they appear to cause a variety of phenotypic effects. We report that members of one of two ribosomal RNA gene families that are confined to the B chromosomes of a plant, Crepis capillaris, are transcribed-thus providing the first molecular evidence of gene activity on B chromosomes. Sequence analysis of part of the A and B chromosome rRNA genes, together with comparisons with related species, indicates that the B chromosome rRNA genes originate from the A chromosome.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These loci do not silver stain and Donald et al (1997) were unable to detect a transcription product using PCR, of reverse-transcribed total RNA from leaf tissue of plants containing B chromosomes, with primers specific to the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of the B chromosome rRNA gene.…”

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Molecular Evidence for Transcription of Genes on a B Chromosome in Crepis capillaris

et al. 2005

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“…Presence of rDNA on B-chromosomes reported in several plant species (Flavell and Rimpau 1975, Maluszynska and Schweizer 1989, Donald et al 1995, 1997, Friebe et al 1995, Jones 1995, Dhar et al 2002, Xie et al, 2014 and rDNA of B-chromosome was inactive in most species excepting for Allium cernuum (Friebe et al 1995). The mechanism of suppression of rDNA in B-chromosomes was not revealed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Peculiar phenomena of rDNA locus on chromosomes of some Chinese plants in Scilla scilloides

et al. 2014

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ABSTRACT. Two molecular cytological phenomena such as NOR and/rDNA loci in the chromosome complement of Scilla scilloides were observed by in situ hybridization using rDNA probe. Most of the plants of the species collected in Shaanxi Province, the People's Republic of China were diploid of genome A that was characterized by a pair of satellited a 2 chromosomes carrying heavy rDNA signal at the secondary constriction comprising of constricted region and its adjacent chromosome arms at metaphase. At interphase the rDNA signals dispersed in the nucleolus with condensed signal body at terminal end. A plant of AA diploid showed that rDNA signal of one a 2 chromosome condensed through the cycle of respective division, whereas that of another a 2 chromosome showed the normal behavior. Another phenomenon occurred frequently in small B-chromosomes in S. scilloides. The diploid and tetraploid plants of the genome B collected in Jiangsu had several small B-chromosomes carrying condensed rDNA signal in addition to b 1 chromosomes with heavy rDNA signal at metaphase and interphase, suggesting rDNA of small B-chromosomes did not involve to nucleolus organization. Scilla scilloides is a complex species involving such two genomes as the genome A (x=8) and the genome B (x=9). The karyotype of each genome is revealed, and their polyploids and/or hybrids between two genomes are recognized by Araki (1971) and Haga and Noda (1976). Then, four different research approaches were performed in S. scilloides such as by respective scientists for genomic constitution of population (Araki 1972a, Ding et al. 1999, by cytogenetic analysis (Araki 1971), by cytogeographic studies in Japan (Ihara 1977), in Korea (Araki 1972b, 1985Choi and Bang 1990;Choi et al. 2004 ), and in China (Yu and Araki 1991;Yu et al. 1993;Ding et al. 1998) and by molecular cytogenetic analyses (Hizume et al. 1993; Araki 1994, 1996;Hizume and Shibata 2001;Choi et al. 2008). Two genomes are different not only in chromosome number and karyotype, but also in genomic DNA level, revealed clearly by genomic in situ hybridization (Hizume and Araki 1996). Then, S. scilloides is useful to study genome differentiation, because they have differences between A and B genomes in genome structure/karyotype and their genomic DNA differentiation. In the present study two phenomena concerning rDNA loci/NORs by in situ hybridization (ISH) using rDNA probe are described for the first time. Ding et al. (1998). Plants were raveled and cultivated in pots and maintained in the experimental garden of Ehime University. Root tips were collected and treated in 2mM 8-hydroxiquinoline for 3h. Then, they were fixed in acetic-ethanol (1:3, volume ratio) and used immediately for observation or stored in a deep freezer until use. KEYWORDS: MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty plants of Scilla scilloidesThe fixed root tips were soaked in 45% acetic acid for 5 min, treated in 45% acetic acid at 60°C for 8 min and transferred in cold 45% acetic acid. Then, they were squashed in 45% acetic acid under cover slips on...

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“…The ITS2 sequence has been examined in previous studies for three B chromosomes containing 45S rDNA. Two of them differed in only 2 bp (0.9%) from the ITS2 sequence on their host genome (Donald et al 1997;Marschner et al 2007), whereas in Crepis capillaries two ITS2 sequences on the B chromosome were found that differed in 11 bp (4.8%) and 14 bp (6.1%) from that on the A chromosomes (Leach et al 2006). Here we show that the PSR chromosome in T. kaykai has at least four ITS2 sequences that are not only very different from the host ITS2, but also from any ITS2 sequence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Extensive studies on rDNA in B chromosomes have demonstrated that a large number of B chromosomes contain 45S rDNA cistrons (Maluszynska & Schweizer 1989;Ló pez-Leó n et al 1994, 1999Jones 1995;Donald et al 1997;Cabrero et al 1999;Stitou et There are a number of possible explanations for this phenomenon: (i) 45S rDNA is more prone to chromosome breakage, possibly because its location is usually at the end of a chromosome; (ii) 45S rDNA may be susceptible to meiotic isolation, because it has little or no crossing-overs, disjoins later in anaphase I and has a different timing of expression than the rest of the genome; (iii) B chromosomes without 45S rDNA may arise, but then easily obtain hypertransposable rDNA sequences (Schubert & Wobus 1985;Beukeboom 1994;Jones 1995). The ITS2 sequence has been examined in previous studies for three B chromosomes containing 45S rDNA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The origin of a selfish B chromosome triggering paternal sex ratio in the parasitoid waspTrichogramma kaykai

2009

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This study uses molecular and cytogenetic methods to determine the origin of a B chromosome in some males of the wasp Trichogramma kaykai. This so-called paternal sex ratio (PSR) chromosome transmits only through sperm and shortly after fertilization triggers degeneration of the paternal genome, while keeping itself intact. The resulting embryos develop into haploid B-chromosome-carrying males. Another PSR chromosome with a very similar mode of action is found in the distantly related wasp Nasonia vitripennis and its origin was traced by transposon similarity to the genus Trichomalopsis, which is closely related to Nasonia. To determine whether both PSR chromosomes have a similar origin we aimed to reveal the origin of the Trichogramma PSR chromosome. Using fluorescent in situ hybridization, we discovered a major satellite repeat on the PSR chromosome, the 45S ribosomal DNA. Analysis of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of this repeat showed the presence of multiple ITS2 sequences on the PSR chromosome resembling either the ITS2 of T. oleae or of T. kaykai. We therefore conclude that the Trichogramma PSR chromosome originates from T. oleae or a T. oleae-like species. Our results are consistent with different origins for the PSR chromosomes in Trichogramma and Nasonia.

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Ribosomal RNA genes specific to the B chromosomes in Brachycome dichromosomatica are not transcribed in leaf tissue

Cited by 35 publications

References 28 publications

Molecular Evidence for Transcription of Genes on a B Chromosome in Crepis capillaris

Molecular Evidence for Transcription of Genes on a B Chromosome in Crepis capillaris

Peculiar phenomena of rDNA locus on chromosomes of some Chinese plants in Scilla scilloides

The origin of a selfish B chromosome triggering paternal sex ratio in the parasitoid waspTrichogramma kaykai

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