Ribosome Specialization in Protozoa Parasites

Rodríguez-Almonacid, Cristian Camilo; Kellogg, Morgana K.; Karamyshev, Andrey L.; Karamysheva, Zemfira N.

doi:10.3390/ijms24087484

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 168 publications

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“…A higher amount of anionic peptide-1 and proline rich peptide-2 in the hemolymph of primed infected larvae could be a result of post-transcription events. Possibly, priming results in specialisation of ribosomes, which preferably use the transcripts for proline-rich peptides and anionic peptide-2, resulting in a higher amount of the respective proteins ( 81 , 82 ). This mechanism would increase the ergonomy of the re-induced immune response, because transcription is an energetically costly process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune priming modulates Galleria mellonella and Pseudomonas entomophila interaction. Antimicrobial properties of Kazal peptide Pr13a

Sułek,

Kordaczuk,

Mak

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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Galleria mellonella larvae repeatedly infected with Pseudomonas entomophila bacteria re-induced their immune response. Its parameters, i.e. the defence activities of cell-free hemolymph, the presence and activity of antimicrobial peptides, and the expression of immune-relevant genes were modulated after the re-challenge in comparison to non-primed infected larvae, resulting in better protection. No enhanced resistance was observed when the larvae were initially infected with other microorganisms, and larvae pre-infected with P. entomophila were not more resistant to further infection with other pathogens. Then, the peptide profiles of hemolymph from primed- and non-primed larvae infected with P. entomophila were compared by quantitative RP-HPLC (Reverse Phase - High Performance Liquid Chromatography). The level of carbonic anhydrase, anionic peptide-1, proline peptide-2, and finally, unknown so far, putative Kazal peptide Pr13a was higher in the primed infected animals than in the larvae infected with P. entomophila for the first time. The expression of the Pr13a gene increased two-fold after the infection, but only in the primed animals. To check whether the enhanced level of Pr13a could have physiological significance, the peptide was purified to homogeneity and checked for its defence properties. In fact, it had antibacterial activity: at the concentration of 15 µM and 7.5 µM it reduced the number of P. entomophila and Bacillus thuringiensis CFU, respectively, to about 40%. The antibacterial activity of Pr13a was correlated with changes observed on the surface of the peptide-treated bacteria, e.g. surface roughness and adhesion force. The presented results bring us closer to finding hemolymph constituents responsible for the effect of priming on the immune response in re-infected insects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune priming modulates Galleria mellonella and Pseudomonas entomophila interaction. Antimicrobial properties of Kazal peptide Pr13a

Sułek,

Kordaczuk,

Mak

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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Molecular Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Leishmania spp.

Moncada-Diaz,

Rodríguez-Almonacid,

Quiceno-Giraldo

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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The protozoan parasite Leishmania causes leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease, that disproportionately affects underdeveloped countries. This disease has major health, economic, and social implications, particularly because of the limited treatment options, high cost, the severe side effects associated with available therapeutics, and the high rate of treatment failure caused by the parasites’ growing resistance to current medications. In this review, we describe first the common strategies used by pathogens to develop drug resistance and then focus on the arsenal of available drugs to treat leishmaniasis, their modes of action, and the molecular mechanisms contributing to drug resistance in Leishmania spp., including the role of genomic, transcriptional, and translational control. We focus more specifically on our recent discovery of translational reprogramming as a major driver of drug resistance leading to coordinated changes in the translation of transcripts and orchestrating changes in metabolome and lipidome to support drug resistance. A thorough understanding of these mechanisms is essential to identify the key elements needed to combat resistance and improve leishmaniasis treatment methods.

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Suppression by RNA Polymerase I Inhibitors Varies Greatly Between Distinct RNA Polymerase I Transcribed Genes in Malaria Parasites

Samuel,

Campelo Morillo,

Kafsack

2024

Pathogens

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The transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) by RNA Polymerase I (Pol I) is the rate-limiting step in ribosome biogenesis and a major determinant of cellular growth rates. Unlike other eukaryotes, which express identical rRNA from large tandem arrays of dozens to hundreds of identical rRNA genes in every cell, the genome of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum contains only a handful single-copy 47S rRNA loci that differ substantially from one another in length, sequence, and expression in different cell types. We found that the growth of the malaria parasite was acutely sensitive to the Pol I inhibitors 9-hydroxyellipticine and BMH-21 and demonstrated that they greatly reduce the transcription of 47S rRNAs as well as the transcription of other non-coding RNA genes. This makes P. falciparum only the second known organism where RNA Polymerase I transcribes genes other than the 47S rRNAs. We found that the various types of Pol I-transcribed genes differed by more than two orders of magnitude in their susceptibility to these inhibitors and explored the implications of these findings for the regulation of rRNA in P. falciparum.

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Ribosome Specialization in Protozoa Parasites

Cited by 3 publications

References 168 publications

Immune priming modulates Galleria mellonella and Pseudomonas entomophila interaction. Antimicrobial properties of Kazal peptide Pr13a

Immune priming modulates Galleria mellonella and Pseudomonas entomophila interaction. Antimicrobial properties of Kazal peptide Pr13a

Molecular Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Leishmania spp.

Suppression by RNA Polymerase I Inhibitors Varies Greatly Between Distinct RNA Polymerase I Transcribed Genes in Malaria Parasites

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