Ribotoxin genes in isolates of Aspergillus section Clavati

Varga, János; Samson, Robert A.

doi:10.1007/s10482-008-9266-7

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This observation prompted the development of their molecular characterization (Lacadena et al, 2007). Much later, more systematic analysis of fungal genomes revealed that ribotoxins were a more widespread group of proteins within the filamentous fungi than had been previously believed (Lin et al, 1995;Martínez-Ruiz et al, 1999b;Varga and Samson, 2008). All this exhaustive work dealing with the characterization of their mechanism of action at the molecular level has not only helped to understand the basis of their antitumoral action (Lacadena et al, 2007) but also has established the principles to transform some of them into engineered chimeras with potential therapeutic uses (Carreras-Sangrà et al, 2008, 2012.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…-Sarcin, restrictocin, and Aspf1 are the most exhaustively characterized ribotoxins (Arruda et al, 1992;García-Ortega et al, 2005;Gasset et al, 1994;Kao et al, 2001;Martínez-Ruiz et al, 2001;Wool, 1997), but many others have been identified and partially characterized within different fungal species (Huang et al,1997;Lin et al, 1995;Martínez-Ruiz et al, 1999a, 1999bParente et al, 1996;Varga and Samson, 2008;Wirth et al, 1997). These studies have shown a high degree of conservation among ribotoxins, as most of those so far characterized display amino acid sequence similarities above 85% (Lacadena et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fungal extracellular ribotoxins as insecticidal agents

Olombrada¹,

Herrero-Galán²,

Tello³

et al. 2013

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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Fungal ribotoxins were discovered almost 50 years ago as extracellular ribonucleases (RNases) with antitumoral properties. However, the biological function of these toxic proteins has remained elusive. The discovery of the ribotoxin HtA, produced by the invertebrates pathogen H. thompsonii, revived the old proposal that insecticidal activity would be their long searched function. Unfortunately, HtA is rather singular among all ribotoxins known in terms of sequence and structure similarities. Thus, it was intriguing to answer the question of whether HtA is just an exception or, on the contrary, the paradigmatic example of the ribotoxins function. The work presented uses HtA and -sarcin, the most representative member of the ribotoxins family, to show their strong toxic action against insect larvae and cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal extracellular ribotoxins as insecticidal agents

Olombrada¹,

Herrero-Galán²,

Tello³

et al. 2013

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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“…The ribotoxins appear to be restricted to Aspergillus subgenus Fumigati sections Fumigati and Clavati (Ng and Wang 2006;Varga and Samson 2008;Abad et al 2010), but bioactive peptides have also been reported from subgenus Aspergillus, for example eurocin production by Aspergillus montevidensis (Oeemig et al 2012). Lectins have been found in phylogenetically distant subgenera of Aspergillus such as Circumdati, Nidulantes, Fumigati and Aspergillus (Singh et al 2014a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemodiversity in the genus Aspergillus

Frisvad

Larsen

2015

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

115

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Isolates of Aspergillus species are able to produce a large number of secondary metabolites. The profiles of biosynthetic families of secondary metabolites are species specific, whereas individual secondary metabolite families can occur in other species, even those phylogenetically and ecologically unrelated to Aspergillus. Furthermore, there is a high degree of chemo-consistency from isolate to isolate in a species even though certain metabolite gene clusters are silenced in some isolates. Genome sequencing projects have shown that the diversity of secondary metabolites is much larger in each species than previously thought. The potential of finding even further new bioactive drug candidates in Aspergillus is evident, despite the fact that many secondary metabolites have already been structure elucidated and chemotaxonomic studies have shown that many new secondary metabolites have yet to be characterized. The genus Aspergillus is cladistically holophyletic but phenotypically polythetic and very diverse and is associated to quite different sexual states. Following the one fungus one name system, the genus Aspergillus is restricted to a holophyletic clade that include the morphologically different genera Aspergillus, Dichotomomyces, Phialosimplex, Polypaecilum and Cristaspora. Secondary metabolites common between the subgenera and sections of Aspergillus are surprisingly few, but many metabolites are common to a majority of species within the sections. We call small molecule extrolites in the same biosynthetic family isoextrolites. However, it appears that secondary metabolites from one Aspergillus section have analogous metabolites in other sections (here also called heteroisoextrolites). In this review, we give a genus-wide overview of secondary metabolite production in Aspergillus species. Extrolites appear to have evolved because of ecological challenges rather than being inherited from ancestral species, at least when comparing the species in the different sections of Aspergillus. Within the Aspergillus sections, secondary metabolite pathways seem to inherit from ancestral species, but the profiles of these secondary metabolites are shaped by the biotic and abiotic environment. We hypothesize that many new and unique section-specific small molecule extrolites in each of the Aspergillus will be discovered.

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“…Restrictocin belongs to the barnase superfamily [245], which constitutes a large group of RNA-degrading enzymes, it is 149-150 amino acids long (i.e. RNase T1), and it is produced by a variety of fungi [246,247]. Several bacteria (i.e.…”

Section: Avebmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antivirals against animal viruses

Villa

Feijoo-Siota

Rama

et al. 2017

Biochemical Pharmacology

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Antivirals are compounds used since the 1960s that can interfere with viral development. Some of these antivirals can be isolated from a variety of sources, such as animals, plants, bacteria or fungi, while others must be obtained by chemical synthesis, either designed or random. Antivirals display a variety of mechanisms of action, and while some of them enhance the animal immune system, others block a specific enzyme or a particular step in the viral replication cycle. As viruses are mandatory intracellular parasites that use the host's cellular machinery to survive and multiply, it is essential that antivirals do not harm the host. In addition, viruses are continually developing new antiviral resistant strains, due to their high mutation rate, which makes it mandatory to continually search for, or develop, new antiviral compounds. This review describes natural and synthetic antivirals in chronological order, with an emphasis on natural compounds, even when their mechanisms of action are not completely understood, that could serve as the basis for future development of novel and/or complementary antiviral treatments.

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Ribotoxin genes in isolates of Aspergillus section Clavati

Cited by 14 publications

References 28 publications

Fungal extracellular ribotoxins as insecticidal agents

Fungal extracellular ribotoxins as insecticidal agents

Chemodiversity in the genus Aspergillus

Antivirals against animal viruses

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