Rice and Remittances: Crop Intensification Versus Labour Migration in Southern Laos

Manivong, Vongpaphane; Cramb, Rob; Newby, Jonathan C.

doi:10.1007/s10745-014-9656-6

Cited by 61 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Historically, subsistence-oriented rice production was the predominant agricultural activity in the lowland, rainfed regions of Southern Laos, but the results of this study and others (e.g. Manivong et al, 2014) showed that this was no longer the case. According to the survey, 95% of households surveyed engaged in a diversification of livelihood strategies, including temporary and permanent migration of at least one household member to pursue off-farm employment, providing household income in the form of wages and remittances.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

“…Agricultural entrepreneurship in conjunction with rural off/on-farm income have been identified as two potential 'pathways out of poverty' for rural households (World Bank, 2007). As identified by Manivong et al (2014), rural livelihoods in Phonthong and Sukhuma districts have become increasingly diversified, whereby household income is derived from two or more income streams. For example, the results of a survey found that 43% of households in 2011 were found to have members engaged in off-or non-farm activities to supplement income derived from traditional agricultural activities.…”

Section: Survey Findings and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As described in detail by Manivong, Cramb, and Newby (2014), Champasak province is located in Southern Laos (Figure 1), where rainfed lowland rice production is the main agricultural activity during the wet season (WS; May -November). Glutinous rice varieties are the preferred staple and, as such, are the major crops grown within the region.…”

Section: The Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trends and perceptions of rural household groundwater use and the implications for smallholder agriculture in rain-fed Southern Laos

Vote

Newby

Phouyyavong

et al. 2015

International Journal of Water Resources Development

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In Laos, the extent of rural groundwater use is largely unknown. This paper presents results of a study conducted in Champasak province, Southern Laos, to examine rural household attitudes to groundwater use and management; and to gauge farmer perceptions of the opportunities/constraints of increased groundwater use for smallholder agriculture. Significant differences in groundwater use, total cash income and perceived groundwater quality were found. Further agricultural expansion was constrained by insufficient labour and the limited area of individual landholdings, not by the limited groundwater supply, which was the preferred source to fulfil increased demands for domestic/agricultural use. There were no groundwater regulations.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

Section: Survey Findings and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Trends and perceptions of rural household groundwater use and the implications for smallholder agriculture in rain-fed Southern Laos

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Newby

Phouyyavong

et al. 2015

International Journal of Water Resources Development

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“…The expanding tourism sector has also contributed to increased local employment opportunities in both the construction and service sectors. However, migration to neighboring countries, as described by Manivong et al [25] and Barney [26] for southern and central Laos, is not common and so is not contributing to labor shortages in the case study villages. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Forest Transitions and Rural Livelihoods: Multiple Pathways of Smallholder Teak Expansion in Northern Laos

Newby

Cramb

Sakanphet³

2014

Land

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Smallholder teak (Tectona grandis) plantations have been identified as a potentially valuable component of upland farming systems in northern Laos that can contribute to a "livelihood transition" from subsistence-oriented swidden agriculture to a more commercially-oriented farming system, thereby bringing about a "forest transition" at the landscape scale. In recent years, teak smallholdings have become increasingly prominent in the province of Luang Prabang, especially in villages close to Luang Prabang City. In this paper, we draw on a household survey conducted in five teak-growing villages and case studies of different household types to explore the role that small-scale forestry has played in both livelihood and land-use transitions. Drawing on a classification of forest transitions, we identify three transition pathways that apply in the study villages-the "economic development" pathway, the "smallholder, tree-based, land-use intensification" pathway, and the "state forest policy" pathway. The ability of households to integrate teak into their farming system, manage the woodlots effectively, and maintain ownership until the plantation reaches maturity varies significantly between these pathways. Households with adequate land resources but scarce labor due to the effects of local economic development are better able to establish and hold onto teak woodlots, but less able to adopt beneficial management techniques. Households that are land-constrained are motivated to follow a path of land-used intensification, but need more productive agroforestry systems to sustain incomes over time. Households that are induced to plant teak mainly by land-use OPEN ACCESSLand 2014, 3 483 policies that threaten to deprive them of their land, struggle to efficiently manage or hold on to their woodlots in the long term. Thus, even when it is smallholders driving the process of forest transition via piecemeal land-use changes, there is potential for resource-poor households to be excluded from the potential livelihood benefits or to be further impoverished by the transition. We argue that interventions to increase smallholder involvement in the forestry sector need to take explicit account of the initial variation in livelihood platforms and in alternative transition pathways at the household scale in order to pursue more inclusive "forest-and-livelihood" transitions in rural areas.

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“…Soukhouma 2012 encountered generally favourable problems are especially important in southern Lao PDR, so cultivars are normally required with an ability to handle some rainfall deficit (Monkham et al, in press;Wade, Fukai et al, 1999). Given that most households practice subsistence rice production as their central agricultural endeavour (Manivong et al, 2014), stable adapted cultivars are critical to farmer livelihood and food security.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes in the rainfed lowlands of Lao PDR

Sengxua

Samson

Bounphanousay³

et al. 2017

Plant Production Science

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Rice and Remittances: Crop Intensification Versus Labour Migration in Southern Laos

Cited by 61 publications

References 10 publications

Trends and perceptions of rural household groundwater use and the implications for smallholder agriculture in rain-fed Southern Laos

Trends and perceptions of rural household groundwater use and the implications for smallholder agriculture in rain-fed Southern Laos

Forest Transitions and Rural Livelihoods: Multiple Pathways of Smallholder Teak Expansion in Northern Laos

Adaptation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes in the rainfed lowlands of Lao PDR

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