Rice Bran and Probiotics Alter the Porcine Large Intestine and Serum Metabolomes for Protection against Human Rotavirus Diarrhea

Nealon, Nora Jean; Yuan, Lijuan; Yang, Xing-Dong; Ryan, Elizabeth P.

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.00653

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Rice bran is a nutrient-dense food with a unique profile and ratio of bioactive phytochemicals such as gamma oryzanol, tocotrienols, ferulic acid, vitamin B, beta-sitosterol and many others (12). It has been reported to be effective in preventing Salmonella typhimurium (9, 14, 56), rotavirus (57, 58) and norovirus (15) infections by priming intestinal immune cells. However, very few in vivo studies have highlighted its effect on gut microbiota and the reports have striking differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice Bran and Quercetin Produce a Positive Synergistic Effect on Human Gut Microbiota, Elevate the Level of Propionate, and Reduce the Population ofEnterobacteriaceaefamily when Determined using a Bioreactor Model

Ghimire

Wongkuna

Sankaranarayanan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Diet is one of the prominent determinants of gut microbiota composition significantly impacting human health. Recent studies with dietary supplements such as rice bran and quercetin have been shown to provide a beneficial impact on the host by positively influencing the gut microbiota. However, the specific bacterial species impacted when rice bran or quercetin is present in the diet is not well understood. Therefore, in this study, we used a minibioreactor array system as a model to determine the effect of quercetin and rice bran individually, as well as in combination, on gut microbiota without the confounding host factors. We found that rice bran exerts higher shift in gut microbiome composition when compared to quercetin. At the species level, Acidaminococcus intestini was the only significantly enriched taxa when quercetin was supplemented, while 15 species were enriched in rice bran supplementation and 13 were enriched when quercetin and rice bran were supplemented in combination. When comparing the short chain fatty acid production, quercetin supplementation significantly enriched isobutyrate production while propionate dominated the quercetin and rice bran combined group. Higher levels of propionate were highly correlated to the lower abundance of the potentially pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae family. These findings suggest that the combination of rice bran and quercetin serve to enrich beneficial bacteria and reduce potential opportunistic pathogens. However, further in vivo studies are necessary to determine the synergistic effect of rice bran and quercetin on host health and immunity.ImportanceRice bran and quercetin are dietary components that shape host health by interacting with the gut microbiome. Both these substrates have been reported to provide nutritional and immunological benefits individually. However, considering the complexity of the human diet, it is useful to determine how the combination of food ingredients such as rice bran and quercetin influences the human gut microbiota. Our study provides insights into how these ingredients influence microbiome composition alone and in combination in vitro. This will allow us to identify which species in the gut microbiome are responsible for biotransformation of these dietary ingredients.. Such information is helpful for the development of synbiotics to improve gut health and immunity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice Bran and Quercetin Produce a Positive Synergistic Effect on Human Gut Microbiota, Elevate the Level of Propionate, and Reduce the Population ofEnterobacteriaceaefamily when Determined using a Bioreactor Model

Ghimire

Wongkuna

Sankaranarayanan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Given that dietary rice bran intake has been previously shown to promote beneficial stool microbial communities, such as native gut probiotics in mice 23, 62 , pigs 21,22,29 and adults 25,63,64 , we first evaluated significant genus level taxa differences between rice bran and control fed infants at 8 months and 12 months of age from both countries. In Nicaragua, Lactobacillus, Lachnospiraceae, Bifidobacterium, Ruminococcaceae and Veillonella were identified as responsive following rice bran consumption compared to an age and control matched group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rice bran is a nutrient dense food with bioactive phytochemicals shown to prevent enteric pathogens and diarrheal disease in mice and pigs 21–24 , and favorably promotes gut health in adults 25, 26 . The effect of rice bran supplementation on host resistance to enteric infections and enhanced gut mucosal immunity was demonstrated for Salmonella enterica Typhimurium 23, 24 , rotavirus 27–29 , and norovirus 21 . Rice bran merits attention because it is widely available for consumption globally 30 , and particularly in LMIC regions where EED is prevalent 31 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice bran supplementation modulates growth, microbiome and metabolome in weaning infants: a clinical trial in Nicaragua and Mali

Zambrana

McKeen

Ibrahim

et al. 2019

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Rice bran supplementation provides nutrients, prebiotics and phytochemicals that enhance gut immunity, reduce enteric pathogens in mice and diarrhea in neonatal pigs, and warranted attention for improvement of environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) in children at risk. EED is a condition that drives childhood stunting via intestinal dysbiosis and impaired nutrient metabolism. This study investigated effects of rice bran supplementation on growth, EED biomarkers, gut microbiome and metabolome in weaning infants from 6 to 12 months old in Nicaragua and Mali. Healthy infants were randomized to a control group or rice bran group that received daily supplementation at increasing doses each month. Stool microbiomes were characterized using 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. Stool metabolomes were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid-chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry. Statistical comparisons were completed at 6, 8, and 12 months of age. Daily consumption of rice bran was safe and feasible for infant growth, decreasing alpha-1 antitrypsin levels, and modulating gut microbiome and metabolome when compared to control. Rice bran merits investigation as a practical intervention strategy that could decrease EED prevalence and risk for children from low- and middle-income countries where rice is grown as a staple food, and bran is used as animal feed or wasted.One Sentence SummaryDietary rice bran supplementation during infant weaning from 6-12 months of age improved growth outcomes, modulated environmental enteric dysfunction biomarkers, and supported metabolism by the gut microbiome.The authors declare no competing financial or non financial interests to disclose as defined by Nature Research. There are also no other interests that might be perceived to influence the results and/or discussion reported in this paper.Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Dr. Elizabeth Ryan (e.p.ryan@colostate.edu).

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“…Processing of supernatants was performed with an 80% methanol extraction and metabolite detection via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Raw data was processed by Metabolon Inc as described previously [30], where it was extracted from the mass spectrometer, quality-controlled, and raw peaks and retention times were aligned across individual samples. With the aligned data, compound identifies were confirmed within an internal Metabolon library containing over 3,300 purified standards by comparing retention times and mass/charge ratios to those of purified standards.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human colon function ex vivo: Dependence on oxygen and sensitivity to antibiotic

et al. 2019

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Background Human intestines contain a heterogeneous collection of cells that include immune, neural and epithelial elements interacting in a highly complex physiology that is challenging to maintain ex vivo. There is an extreme oxygen gradient across the intestinal wall due in part to microbiota in the lumen and close to the gut wall, which complicates the design of tissue culture systems. The current study established the use of an organotypic slice model of human intestinal tissue derived from colonoscopy biopsies to study host-microbial interactions after antibiotic treatment, and the influence of oxygen concentration on gut wall function. Methods Organotypic slices from human colon biopsies collected during routine colonoscopy provided three-dimensional environments that maintained cellular morphology ex vivo. Biopsy slices were used to study impacts of oxygen concentrations and antibiotic treatments on epithelial proliferation rates, and metabolites from tissue culture supernatants. Results Immune function was validated via demonstration of a T lymphocyte response to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Following 24 h of Salmonella exposure there was a significant increase in CD3 + T-lymphocytes in biopsy slices. Metabolite profiling of tissue culture supernatants validated the influence of antibiotic treatment under varied oxygen culture conditions on both host and microbiome-mediated metabolism. Epithelial health was influenced by oxygen and antibiotic. Increased epithelial proliferation was measured in lowered oxygen conditions (1% = 5.9 mmHg) compared to atmospheric conditions standard at 5000 feet above sea level in Colorado (~17% = 100 mmHg). Antibiotic treatment reduced epithelial proliferation only in 5.9 mmHg oxygen cultured slices. Conclusions A human colon organotypic slice model was established for applications ranging from gut epithelial proliferation to enteric pathogen influence on mucosal immune functions ex vivo. The results further support the need to account for oxygen concentration in primary tissue cultures, and that antibiotic use impacts gut-microbe-immune interactions.

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Rice Bran and Probiotics Alter the Porcine Large Intestine and Serum Metabolomes for Protection against Human Rotavirus Diarrhea

Cited by 25 publications

References 95 publications

Rice Bran and Quercetin Produce a Positive Synergistic Effect on Human Gut Microbiota, Elevate the Level of Propionate, and Reduce the Population ofEnterobacteriaceaefamily when Determined using a Bioreactor Model

Rice Bran and Quercetin Produce a Positive Synergistic Effect on Human Gut Microbiota, Elevate the Level of Propionate, and Reduce the Population ofEnterobacteriaceaefamily when Determined using a Bioreactor Model

Rice bran supplementation modulates growth, microbiome and metabolome in weaning infants: a clinical trial in Nicaragua and Mali

Human colon function ex vivo: Dependence on oxygen and sensitivity to antibiotic

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