Rice Bran Derived Bioactive Compounds Modulate Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Updated Review

Saji, Nancy; Francis, Nidhish; Schwarz, Lachlan J.; Blanchard, Christopher L.; Santhakumar, Abishek B.

doi:10.3390/nu11112736

Cited by 32 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Moreover, we found that the FRB might be more effective in lowering ALDH levels at a concentration of 15% compared with the FRS. These results are in agreement with previous studies [64,65,67,70,79,[95][96][97].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Our results indicate that the FRB might be more effective in lowering serum levels of AST, ALT and ALP at a concentration of 15% and those of LDH at a concentration of 30% compared with the FRS. This is in agreement with previously published studies showing that the FRB had a positive effect on serum levels of hepatic enzymes [30,31,[64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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An Animal Study to Compare Hepatoprotective Effects Between Fermented Rice Bran and Fermented Rice Germ and Soybean in a Sprague-Dawley Rat Model of Alcohol-Induced Hepatic Injury

Ahn¹,

Cho²

2020

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We compared hepatoprotective effects between fermented rice bran (FRB) and fermented rice germ and soybean (FRS) in a Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model of alcohol-induced hepatic injury (AIHI). To establish an SD rat model of AIHI, the SD rats were given 30% ethanol or water without ethanol treatment. Then, they were given 30% ethanol followed by FRB or FRS at concentrations of 15% or 30%. Our results indicate that the FRB might be more effective in lowering serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the serum and liver mitochondria, serum triglyceride levels and ALDH levels at a concentration of 15%, serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), GSH levels at a concentration of 30% and MDA levels in the liver homogenate and microsome, and hepatic triglyceride levels at both concentrations as compared with the FRS. It can therefore be concluded that FRB might also be considered as an alternative to FRS in improving the AIHI. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, H.-Y.A. and Y.-S.C.; methodology, H.-Y.A.; software, H.-Y.A.; validation, H.-Y.A. and Y.-S.C.; formal analysis, H.-Y.A.; investigation, H.-Y.A.; resources, H.-Y.A.; data curation, H.-Y.A.; writing-original draft preparation, H.-Y.A. and Y.-S.C.; writing-review and editing, H.-Y.A. and Y.-S.C.; visualization, H.-Y.A.; supervision, H.-Y.A.; project administration, Y.-S.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

An Animal Study to Compare Hepatoprotective Effects Between Fermented Rice Bran and Fermented Rice Germ and Soybean in a Sprague-Dawley Rat Model of Alcohol-Induced Hepatic Injury

Ahn¹,

Cho²

2020

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“…Oxidative stress is generated due to an imbalance between the endogenous antioxidant systems in our body and free radicals such as reactive oxygen species [ 1 ]. This consequently results in chronic inflammation leading to cardiovascular complications [ 2 ]. The key role of macrophages in the innate immune system is to engulf foreign agents, eliminate apoptotic cells and resolve inflammation via inflammatory cytokines and other mediators [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, RB is known to be abundant in macronutrients and bioactive compounds such as p -coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid [ 20 ]. Although studies have demonstrated that RB phenolic compounds have the potential to exhibit antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory properties [ 2 ], their impact on specific pathways of inflammation in an oxidative stress-induced/inflammatory environment has not been studied. The current study aimed to determine the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of RB phenolic extracts on RAW264.7 mouse macrophage cells stimulated with hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Rice Bran Phenolic Extracts

Saji

Francis

Schwarz

et al. 2020

Foods

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Oxidative stress and inflammation are known to be linked to the development of chronic inflammatory conditions, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Dietary polyphenols have been demonstrated to contain potent bioactivity against specific inflammatory pathways. Rice bran (RB), a by-product generated during the rice milling process, is normally used in animal feed or discarded due to its rancidity. However, RB is known to be abundant in bioactive polyphenols including phenolic acids. This study investigates the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of RB phenolic extracts (25, 50, 100, and 250 µg/mL) on RAW264.7 mouse macrophage cells stimulated with hydrogen peroxide and lipopolysaccharide. Biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation such as malondialdehyde (MDA), intracellular reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-12, p70 (IL-12p70), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were measured in vitro. Treatment with RB extracts significantly decreased the production of MDA, intracellular reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-12p70, and IFN-γ) when compared to the control. It is proposed that RB phenolic extracts, via their metal chelating properties and free radical scavenging activity, target pathways of oxidative stress and inflammation resulting in the alleviation of vascular inflammatory mediators.

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“…Rice bran (RB), a by-product of the rice milling process, is usually discarded or used as animal feed [ 18 ]. However, the bran layer is composed of several bioactive phytochemicals, including polyphenols and phenolic acids [ 19 ]. Although RB phenolic extracts are believed to target metabolic pathways associated with T2DM, the mechanisms behind its effect on gene expression under normal and diabetic conditions have not been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice Bran Phenolic Extracts Modulate Insulin Secretion and Gene Expression Associated with β-Cell Function

et al. 2020

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Oxidative stress is known to modulate insulin secretion and initiate gene alterations resulting in impairment of β-cell function and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Rice bran (RB) phenolic extracts contain bioactive properties that may target metabolic pathways associated with the pathogenesis of T2DM. This study aimed to examine the effect of stabilized RB phenolic extracts on the expression of genes associated with β-cell function such as glucose transporter 2 (Glut2), pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1), sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam), and insulin 1 (Ins1) in addition to evaluating its impact on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. It was observed that treatment with different concentrations of RB phenolic extracts (25-250 µg/mL) significantly increased the expression of Glut2, Pdx1, Sirt1, Tfam, and Ins1 genes and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion under both normal and high glucose conditions. RB phenolic extracts favourably modulated the expression of genes involved in β-cell dysfunction and insulin secretion via several mechanisms such as synergistic action of polyphenols targeting signalling molecules, decreasing free radical damage by its antioxidant activity, and stimulation of effectors or survival factors of insulin secretion.

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Rice Bran Derived Bioactive Compounds Modulate Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Updated Review

Cited by 32 publications

References 81 publications

An Animal Study to Compare Hepatoprotective Effects Between Fermented Rice Bran and Fermented Rice Germ and Soybean in a Sprague-Dawley Rat Model of Alcohol-Induced Hepatic Injury

An Animal Study to Compare Hepatoprotective Effects Between Fermented Rice Bran and Fermented Rice Germ and Soybean in a Sprague-Dawley Rat Model of Alcohol-Induced Hepatic Injury

The Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Rice Bran Phenolic Extracts

Rice Bran Phenolic Extracts Modulate Insulin Secretion and Gene Expression Associated with β-Cell Function

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