Rice Bran Oil and Pumpkin Seed Oil Alleviate Oxidative Injury and Fatty Liver in Rats Fed High Fructose Diet

Journal of Food Biochemistry

Sayed³

et al. 2016

The study was designed to evaluate the effects of rice bran (RB) or its oil (RBO) on lipid metabolism, hepatic insulin receptor substrate‐1 (IRS‐1) and hepatic expression of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐Co A (HMG‐CoA) reductase in rats fed high‐fructose diet (HFD). Rats were divided into four groups: Group 1, animals received standard diet as control, while groups 2, 3 and 4 were fed on a HFD. Groups 3 and 4 animals fed HFD containing RB (5%) instead of cellulose and RBO (10%) instead of corn oil, respectively for 5 weeks. Fructose feeding to rats caused significant elevations in plasma glucose, serum insulin, and lipid profile, while serum total antioxidant capacity was significantly reduced compared to control. Hepatic concentration of IRS‐1 was decreased while malondialdehyde (MDA) and HMG‐CoA reductase mRNA were elevated compared to control group. Addition of RB or RBO to fructose fed rats alleviated the hazardous effects of fructose. Practical applications Rats fed high‐fructose diet were used as a model of insulin resistance accompanied by deleterious metabolic consequences including hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension in rats and these metabolic effects are similar to those observed in human multi‐metabolic syndrome X. Supplementation of rice bran or rice bran oil to fructose‐fed rats improves insulin resistance and reduces lipo‐ and glucotoxicity.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Modulatory effects of rice bran and its oil on lipid metabolism in insulin resistance rats

El-Wahab

Journal of Food Biochemistry

Sayed³

et al. 2016

“…The improvement in antioxidant capacity, which was characterized by increasing the activity of SOD and CAT, in addition to the reduction of the hepatic MDA content, was noticeable and pronounced in rats fed RBO‐containing diets (HFD1 + RBO and HFD2 + RBO) as compared to their respective control. These results are in harmony with those reported by Al‐Okbi et al (), Araghi et al (), and Abd El‐Wahab et al (). The most important antioxidants in RBO are γ‐oryzanol and tocotrienols (Chotimarkorn, Benjakul, & Silalai, ; Posuwan et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…ALT is produced in hepatocytes, a very specific marker of hepatocellular injury and usually rises in conjunction with AST (Hall & Cash, 2012). High levels of serum ALT and AST were observed by de Castro Mohamed, Hamed, and Esmail (2014) in rats fed HFD. These results agree with the present results only for serum ALT in rats fed HFD for 1 and 2 months.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Rice Bran Oil Improves Insulin Resistance by Affecting the Expression of Antioxidants and Lipid‐Regulatory Genes

Ahmed

Rashed

et al. 2018

Lipids

The present study investigated the molecular effects of rice bran oil (RBO) on lipid-regulatory genes (sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 [Srebf1] and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-α [Ppara]) and the expression of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD1) genes in insulin-resistant rats. Rats were divided into five groups: animals that received standard diet (control); rats fed standard diet containing RBO as the sole source of fat (RBO); a high-fructose diet (HFD) group, which was further divided into two subgroups: rats fed HFD either for only 1 month (HFD1) or for 2 months (HFD2) and rats fed HFD containing RBO for 1 month; while rats in the last group fed HFD for 30 days then treated with RBO for another 30 days. The HFD induced a state of insulin resistance (IR) as indicated by the hyperinsulinemia and elevated homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index. Hepatic lipid levels and radical scavenging enzymes were altered by the HFD. Lipid-regulatory genes, Srebf1 and Ppara, were upregulated while Sod1 and Cat were downregulated in insulin-resistant rats. Addition of RBO to the two diet regimens alleviated the disorders of IR to some extent. RBO reduced the hepatic levels of triacylglycerol, malondialdehyde, SREBP, and PPAR-α mRNA. Hepatic SOD and CAT were elevated at gene and protein levels. The HFD induces de novo lipogenesis by upregulating the lipid-regulatory genes resulting in increased serum and hepatic triacylglycerol. Moreover, IR induced by the HFD caused a state of oxidative stress. Supplementation of RBO to fructose-fed rats not only improves insulin resistance but also downregulates lipogenic genes and improves the unbalanced oxidative status.

“…Lipid metabolism related-gene expressions were regulated by γ-O while expression of inflammatory factors was inhibited by γ-O in liver tissue of mice fed on high fat diet. Liver fat was also reduced by γ-O and RBO (6,28) which might have a hand in reduction of body weight and liver weight/body weight percentage observed in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Rice bran oil (RBO) is a rich source of nutraceuticals represented by gamma oryzanol, policosanol, phytosterols, carotenoids, tocopherols and tocotrienols that have different health benefits including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects. Gamma oryzanol is a mixture of ferulic acid esters of triterpene alcohol of reported different therapeutic effects (5,6). The objective of the present work was to study the protective effects of nutraceuticals represented by γ-oryzanol (γ-O) and γ-O/ RBO mixture towards CVD and cardio-renal syndrome in rat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice bran as source of nutraceuticals for management of cardiovascular diseases, cardio-renal syndrome and hepatic cancer

Al‐Okbi

Hamed

et al. 2020

J Herbmed Pharmacol

Introduction: The interrelation between cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and renal dysfunction and the beneficial role of nutraceuticals are worthy to be studied. Nutraceuticals with anticancer effects are gaining great importance. The aim of this research was studying the anti-cancer, CVDs prevention and renal dysfunction properties of γ-oryzanol (γ-O) and rice bran oil/γ-O mixture (RBO/γ-O) as nutraceuticals. Methods: Rats were divided into 7 groups. Group 1 was fed on balanced diet and served as normal control (NC). Group 2 consumed high-fat-sucrose diet (HFSD) as CVD control. Groups 3 and 4 were fed on HFSD and treated by γ-O and RBO/γ-O, respectively. Group 5 was maintained on HFSD with cisplatin injection (cardiorenal syndrome control) (CRSC). Groups 6 and 7 were treated like group 5 and given either γ-O or RBO/γ-O. Plasma lipid profile, malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), catalase activity, creatinine and urea were determined besides urinary creatinine clearance. Nutraceuticals’ anticancer effect was assessed in hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HepG2) line. Results: Significant increases (P < 0.05) in lipid parameters with reduction of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were noticed in CVD control compared to NC group; the same changes were demonstrated in CRSC with lesser extent. In CVD control and CRSC groups; a significant increase (P < 0.05) in MDA and TNF-α with a reduction in catalase were noticed. Kidney dysfunction was demonstrated in the CRSC group. Administration of both RBO/γ-O and γ-O produced variable improvements in all parameters in both models and had anticancer effects. Conclusion: RBO/γ-O and γ-O had protective effects on CVDs and cardiorenal syndrome as well as anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activities with superiority of RBO/γ-O.