Rice genetic improvement for abiotic stress tolerance in Africa.

Dramé, Khady Nani; Manneh, Baboucarr; Ismail, A. M.; Wopereis, M.C.S.; Johnson, D. E.; Ahmadi, N.; Tollens, Éric; Jalloh, A.

doi:10.1079/9781845938123.0144

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…At the production environment level, there is no large difference in yields and yield gaps in ESA and those in West Africa (Niang et al., 2017) or the wider region, SSA (Tanaka et al., 2017). The yields in RU in ESA are lower compared to IL and RL due to persisting production constraints such as drought (Defoer et al., 2004; Dramé, Manneh, & Ismail, 2013), low soil quality (Bruelle et al., 2014; Haefele, Nelson, & Hijmans, 2014), higher weed infestation (Rodenburg & Johnson, 2009) including the parasitic weed Striga asiatica (Rodenburg, Demont, Zwart, & Bastiaans, 2016), cold stress and blast (Raboin et al., 2014).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying rice yield gaps and their causes in Eastern and Southern Africa

Senthilkumar¹,

Rodenburg

Dieng

et al. 2020

J Agronomy Crop Science

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The demand for rice in Eastern and Southern Africa is rapidly increasing because of changes in consumer preferences and urbanization. However, local rice production lags behind consumption, mainly due to low yield levels. In order to set priorities for research and development aimed at improving rice productivity, there is a need to characterize the rice production environments, to quantify rice yield gaps—that is, the difference between average on‐farm yield and the best farmers’ yield—and to identify causes of yield gaps. Such information will help identifying and targeting technologies to alleviate the main constraints, and consequently to reduce existing yield gaps. Yield gap surveys were conducted on 357 rice farms at eight sites (19–50 farmers per site) across five rice‐producing countries in Eastern and Southern Africa—that is Ethiopia, Madagascar, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda—for one or two years (2012–13) to collect both quantitative and qualitative data at field and farm level. Average farm yields measured at the eight sites ranged from 1.8 to 4.3 t/ha and the average yield gap ranged from 0.8 to 3.4 t/ha. Across rice‐growing environments, major causes for yield variability were straw management, weeding frequency, growth duration of the variety, weed cover, fertilizer (mineral and organic) application frequency, levelling and iron toxicity. Land levelling increased the yield by 0.74 t/ha, bird control increased the yield by 1.44 t/ha, and sub‐optimal management of weeds reduced the yield by 3.6 to 4.4 t/ha. There is great potential to reduce the current rice yield gap in ESA, by focusing on improvements of those crop management practices that address the main site‐specific causes for sub‐optimal yields.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying rice yield gaps and their causes in Eastern and Southern Africa

Senthilkumar¹,

Rodenburg

Dieng

et al. 2020

J Agronomy Crop Science

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“…Salinization of rice paddies can cause a decrease in productivity if adequate irrigation methods are not used (187). Salinity continues to be high at the onset of the wet season, during and after rice transplantation, until sufficient rain washes it from the soil (189). Soil salinity also increases in proportion to sea proximity (Table 4).…”

Section: Roles Of Salts and Other Nutrients In The Maintenance Of Envmentioning

confidence: 99%

Buruli Ulcer, a Prototype for Ecosystem-Related Infection, Caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans

et al. 2018

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Buruli ulcer is a noncontagious disabling cutaneous and subcutaneous mycobacteriosis reported by 33 countries in Africa, Asia, Oceania, and South America. The causative agent, , derives from by genomic reduction and acquisition of a plasmid-borne, nonribosomal cytotoxin mycolactone, the major virulence factor. -specific sequences have been readily detected in aquatic environments in food chains involving small mammals. Skin contamination combined with any type of puncture, including insect bites, is the most plausible route of transmission, and skin temperature of<30°C significantly correlates with the topography of lesions. After 30 years of emergence and increasing prevalence between 1970 and 2010, mainly in Africa, factors related to ongoing decreasing prevalence in the same countries remain unexplained. Rapid diagnosis, including laboratory confirmation at the point of care, is mandatory in order to reduce delays in effective treatment. Parenteral and potentially toxic streptomycin-rifampin is to be replaced by oral clarithromycin or fluoroquinolone combined with rifampin. In the absence of proven effective primary prevention, avoiding skin contamination by means of clothing can be implemented in areas of endemicity. Buruli ulcer is a prototype of ecosystem pathology, illustrating the impact of human activities on the environment as a source for emerging tropical infectious diseases.

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“…High panicle sterility of rice is often observed under low‐temperature environments (Suh et al., ). Rice yields usually decrease due to cold damage in high‐altitude areas (Dramé et al., ). Therefore, the correlation between grain yield and panicle sterility might have been a consequence of a low‐temperature environment in high‐altitude Burundi (Tables and ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Temperate japonica rice is mostly grown in temperate ecosystems with a relatively cool environment such as those in Japan, Korea and northern China. Tropical japonica, also known as javanica, cultivars are usually cultivated in the upland areas of South‐East and East Asia, Latin America and Africa (Dramé, Manneh, & Ismail, ; Glaszmann, ; Xiong et al., ; Yoshida, ) and are represented by the tall, large and bold‐grained bulu cultivars of Indonesia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ecologically, japonica rice in tropical regions is mainly cultivated at low‐temperature and high‐altitude regions because it has higher cold tolerance than indica rice. Cold damages in rice were often reported in tropical East and Southern Africa and in some areas of the Sahel regions of West Africa (Dramé et al., ). Zenna () also reported that approximately 30% of the 2.5 million hectares of rice production areas in East and Southern Africa countries such as Madagascar, Rwanda, Burundi and Ethiopia were affected by cold temperature in 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic relationship of tropical region‐bred temperate japonica rice (Oryza sativa) plants and their grain yield variations in three different tropical environments

et al. 2018

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Temperate japonica rice (Oryza sativa) is usually grown in temperate regions. When grown in tropical areas, most temperate japonica rice plants flower prematurely and do not show sufficient vegetative growth. Fourteen japonica rice varieties and lines adapting to tropical environments were developed in the Philippines (tropical Asia) between 2008 and 2014. Their genomes were characterized by genomewide single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping, and their grain yields were examined in the Philippines during the wet and dry seasons and in a high-altitude area of Burundi (tropical Africa). Based on the genotyping, all 14 materials were found to belong to the temperate japonica rice group. Grain yields were more affected by the environment than by the genotypes. Two of the fourteen rice materials showed more stable and higher yields than the check varieties across the three environments, and one of the two has been released as a commercial variety in the Philippines.Together, these results demonstrate that rice plants genetically belonging to the temperate japonica group can be bred to adapt to tropical areas.

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Rice genetic improvement for abiotic stress tolerance in Africa.

Cited by 12 publications

References 43 publications

Quantifying rice yield gaps and their causes in Eastern and Southern Africa

Quantifying rice yield gaps and their causes in Eastern and Southern Africa

Buruli Ulcer, a Prototype for Ecosystem-Related Infection, Caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans

Genetic relationship of tropical region‐bred temperate japonica rice (Oryza sativa) plants and their grain yield variations in three different tropical environments

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