Rice grain-weight dependency on carbon and nitrogen isotope fractionation

Comprehensive review of the annual haze episode in Northern Thailand

“…32 Figure 4.9. Discriminative plot of the haze carbon and nitrogen isotopic signature (red dots) and trend through time (purple arrow) compared to unspecific sources (motor vehicles, C3-& C4-plants) and potential specific sources (local deciduous forests, corn, soy, rice, sugarcane) (modified from Kawichai et al, 2020bKawichai et al, , 2022 with additional data from Spain & Le Feuvre, 1996;Turekian et al, 1998;Yoneyama et al, 2001;Marinaeli et al, 2002;Krull et al, 2003;Kell et al, 2005;Widory, 2007;Jahren & Kraft, 2008;Das et al, 2010;Pavuluri et al, 2010;Kaushal & Ghosh, 2018;Ma et al, 2021;Kato et al, 2023. This paper is a non-peer reviewed draft -currently not submitted to any journal Sulfate anthropogenic source component makes it less variable than other components and is preponderant outside the haze episode (Sopajaree et al, 2011;Tsai et al, 2013;Khamkaew et al, 2017;Janta et al, 2020;Chansuesubsri et al, 2021a,). However, sulfate production is also found in biomass burning (Sillapapiromsuk et al, 2013) but the negative correlation with increasing particulate matter concentration indicates that biomass is possibly not the dominant source (Chansuebsri et al, 2022).…”