Rice husk ash filled natural rubber. I. Overall rate constant determination for the vulcanization process from rheometric data

Costa, Helson M. da; Visconte, Leila L. Y.; Nunes, Regina C. R.; Furtado, Cristina R. G.

doi:10.1002/app.11452

Cited by 29 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…These metal oxides are aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), ferrum oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), rubidium oxide (Rb 2 O), and so forth. The presence of these metal oxides might enhance the curing rate of vulcanizates of rubber 13. Table III shows the chemical composition of palm ash according to a Rigaku RIX 3000 X‐ray fluorescence spectrometer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of palm ash loading and maleated natural rubber as a coupling agent on the properties of palm‐ash‐filled natural rubber composites

Ismail

Haw

2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Natural rubber composites were prepared by the incorporation of palm ash at different loadings into a natural rubber matrix with a laboratory-size two-roll mill (160 Â 320 mm 2 ) maintained at 70 AE 5 C in accordance with the method described by ASTM D 3184-89. A coupling agent, maleated natural rubber (MANR), was used to improve the mechanical properties of the natural rubber composites. The results indicated that the scorch time and cure time decreased with increasing filler loading, whereas the maximum torque exhibited an increasing trend. Increasing the palm ash loading increased the tensile modulus, but the tensile strength, fatigue life, and elongation at break decreased. The rubber-filler interactions of the composites decreased with increasing filler loading. Scanning electron microscopy of the tensile fracture surfaces of the composites and rubber-filler interaction studies showed that the presence of MANR enhanced the interfacial interaction of the palm ash filler and natural rubber matrix. The presence of MANR also enhanced the tensile properties and fatigue life of palm-ash-filled natural rubber composites.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of palm ash loading and maleated natural rubber as a coupling agent on the properties of palm‐ash‐filled natural rubber composites

Ismail

Haw

2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Reinforcement with fillers from renewable resources into polymeric materials has become a major interest in recent years. According to reports, lots of fillers have been used to take the place of the commonly used carbon black; these include silicates, montmorillonite, and reinforcing fillers from renewable resources such as rice husks, starch, chitosan, oil palms, chitin, and cuttlebones …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of bamboo charcoal powder on the curing characteristics, mechanical properties, and thermal properties of styrene–butadiene rubber with bamboo charcoal powder

Meng

Zhang

et al. 2013

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Compounds of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) filled with bamboo charcoal powders (BCPs) were prepared with a laboratory-sized two-roll mill. The effects of the BCP loading on the curing characteristics and mechanical and thermal properties were investigated. The results indicate that the addition of BCP resulted in a longer curing time and a higher Mooney viscosity in the SBR materials. The incorporation of BCP into SBR improved the mechanical properties and dynamic properties. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the vulcanizates after thermal aging were also studied, and the experimental results indicate that most of the mechanical properties improved after thermal aging. The overall results indicate that BCP could be used as a cheaper filler for SBR materials.

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“…In other work, Costa et al [82] evaluated the vulcanization process of NR filled with BRHA (75 wt.% SiO2, 21 wt.% LOI, 17 m 2 /g) and WRHA (97 wt.% SiO2, 0.2 wt.% LOI, 109 m 2 /g). They reported that the vulcanization process was accelerated in the presence of WRHA, whereas the BRHA filler did not present a significant effect.…”

Section: Rha /Elastomers Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This fact was attributed to differences in filler properties, such as surface area, surface activity, pH, particle size, moisture content, and metal content. Furthermore, the ZnO added to the composites may led to accelerate the vulcanization process [81], [82].…”

Section: Rha /Elastomers Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possibilities of rice husk ash to be used as reinforcing filler in polymer sector -a review

Uribe¹,

Echeverry²,

Velez³

et al. 2018

revuin

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This work presents a literature review of the synthetic silica production pathways which are classified in thermal (also known as pyrogenic) and wet. They lead to different commercial references with different properties depending not only on the process conditions but also on the raw material characteristics. Based on the aforementioned, a simile is made with the rice husk ash (RHA) obtained from rice husk combustion, and its main physical-chemical properties required for its use in polymer sector are also shown. In this sense, this work shows a wide review of chemical composition, surface area, molecular structure (amorphous or crystalline) and particle size of different RHA found in literature. Finally, the mechanical performance of both thermoplastics and elastomers reinforced with RHA reported in literature is also described and compared with those composites reinforced with some commercial silica. KEYWORDS:Reinforcing fillers; rice husk ash; rubber; silica; thermoplastic. RESUMENEste trabajo presenta una revisión de las rutas de obtención de sílice sintética, clasificadas como de tipo térmico (también conocido como pirogénico) y líquido, las cuales dan lugar a diferentes referencias con diversas propiedades dependiendo, no solo de las condiciones del proceso sino también de las características de la materia prima. Con base en lo anterior, se hace un símil con la ceniza cascarilla de arroz (CCA) obtenida a partir de la combustión de la cascarilla de arroz, y se resaltan las principales propiedades físico-químicas para su utilización como reforzante en el sector de polímeros. En este sentido, este trabajo muestra una amplia revisión de la composición química, área superficial, estructura molecular y tamaño de partículas de diferentes CCA encontradas en la literatura. Finalmente, se describe el desempeño mecánico de materiales termoplásticos y elastómeros reforzados con CCA reportados en la literatura y comparados con compuestos reforzados con algunas sílices comerciales.

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Rice husk ash filled natural rubber. I. Overall rate constant determination for the vulcanization process from rheometric data

Cited by 29 publications

References 61 publications

Effects of palm ash loading and maleated natural rubber as a coupling agent on the properties of palm‐ash‐filled natural rubber composites

Effects of palm ash loading and maleated natural rubber as a coupling agent on the properties of palm‐ash‐filled natural rubber composites

Effect of bamboo charcoal powder on the curing characteristics, mechanical properties, and thermal properties of styrene–butadiene rubber with bamboo charcoal powder

Possibilities of rice husk ash to be used as reinforcing filler in polymer sector -a review

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