Rice husk powder–filled polystyrene/styrene butadiene rubber blends

Mohamad, Zurina; Ismail, Hanafi; Bakar, Abu

doi:10.1002/app.20321

Cited by 41 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Hence, the development of new value-added products, with the aim of utilizing agro wastes and low cost recycled thermoplastics (which would otherwise be added to landfills) is assuming greater importance [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and Physical/End-Use Properties of Recycled Polypropylene-Corn Cob Powder Composites

Onuoha

Onyemaobi

Anyakwo

et al. 2017

IJET

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Abstract. This study investigates the morphological and physical/end-use properties of corn cob powder-filled recycled polypropylene composites. The composites were prepared by incorporating corn cob powder of particle sizes 150 µm, 300 µm and 425 µm respectively at filler loadings of 5 to 25 wt%. The properties were determined according to standard test procedures. Results showed that the incorporation of corn cob powder as filler resulted to enhancement of water absorption and solvent sorption, which were found to increase with both increase in filler loading and increase in filler particle size, probably due to the hydrophilic nature of corn cob powder. It was also discovered that solvent sorption was most pronounced with benzene, followed by toluene and lastly xylene, in accordance with the relative proximity of their solubility parameters to that of polypropylene. Flame propagation rate was also found to improve by the incorporation of corn cob powder due to its high content of cellulose, a combustible organic matter. However, specific gravities of the composites were found to be lower than for the unfilled polypropylene, an implication that the composites produced are lighter in weight than the unfilled. Specific gravity increased with increase in filler loading but decreased with increase in particle size. The Morphological studies showed increase in the number of spherulites with increase in filler loading and increase in the size of the spherulites with increase in particle size. Further observation showed that the particle sizes and pores sizes detected increased with increase in filler particle size probably due to poor interaction and distribution of coarse particles. It is hoped that this present study will to help place the usefulness of corn cob as filler in the development of thermoplastic composites in future and develop its niche in the scientific record.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and Physical/End-Use Properties of Recycled Polypropylene-Corn Cob Powder Composites

Onuoha

Onyemaobi

Anyakwo

et al. 2017

IJET

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“…It has been disposed of by open burning and has become a serious environmental problem. The use of rice husk powder (RHP) as a filler in polymers may serve as an alternative to utilize this waste material [4, 5]. It is expected that lignocellulosic composites would have several advantages over the composites produced from synthetic fibers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tensile properties, swelling, and water absorption behavior of rice‐husk‐powder‐filled polypropylene/(recycled acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber) composites

Ismail

Santiagoo

Kamarudin

2011

Vinyl Additive Technology

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The effect of rice husk powder (RHP) on the tensile properties, swelling, water absorption, and morphology of polypropylene (PP)/[recycled acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber (NBRr)]/RHP composites was studied. Composites containing 0 to 30 parts of RHP per hundred parts of resin were prepared by using a Haake Rheomix Polydrive R 600/610 mixer at 180°C with a rotor speed of 50 rpm. Results indicated that the tensile strength and elongation at break decreased but that the tensile modulus increased with increasing amounts of RHP. Swelling of the PP/NBRr/RHP composites in oil and toluene increased with increasing RHP contents, and the composites exhibited a non‐Fickian diffusion with a two stage absorption mechanism. Micrographs acquired by SEM revealed an increasing number of voids and micro‐holes on the tensile‐fractured surfaces of the composites with increasing amounts of RHP. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…(Sun & Gong, 2001;Chandrasekhar et al, 2003Zurina et al, 2004;Arayapranee et al, 2005;Ismail, Mega, & Khalil, 2001;Ismail, Nizam, & Khalil, 2001;Chung, Ismail & Chung, 1999). Especially in epoxidized natural rubber, the addition of WRHA can increase the tensile strength, tear strength and hardiness of the rubber.…”

Section: Rice Husks Ash As Fillers In Rubbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last two decades, RH and the products of its thermal degradation are often used as fillers in paper, paint (Chandrasekhar et al, 2003), polymers (Saheb & Jog, 1999;Chaudhary et al, 2002Choi et al, 2006), polymeric composites Premalal et al, 2003;Kim et al, 2004;Nassar, 2007), rubber Zurina et al, 2004;Arayapranee et al, 2005), cement (Singh et al, 2001;Jauberthie et al, 2003;Asavapisit & Ruengrit, 2005), adhesives and fertilizers (Chandrasekhar et al, 2003). By the addition of fillers, the mechanical, thermal, chemical and other properties of the material are improved.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Obtaining Some Polymer Composites Filled with Rice Husks Ash-A Review

Turmanova

Genieva²,

Vlaev³

2012

IJC

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Rice husks are an important by-product of rice milling process and are major waste product of the agricultural industry. Rice husk contain nearly 20 mass% silica, which is present in hydrated amorphous form. They have now become a great source as a raw biomass material for manufacturing of value-added silicon composite products, including silicon carbide, silicon nitride, silicon tetrachloride, magnesium silicide, pure silicon, zeolite, fillers of rubber and plastic composites, cement, adsorbent and support of heterogeneous catalysts. The rice husk was subjected to pyrolysis in fluidized-bed pilot plant in air or nitrogen atmosphere. The controlled thermal degradation of the rice husks in air or nitrogen leads to production of white rice husks ash (WRHA) and black rice husks ash (BRHA) respectively. WRHA contains almost pure (95mass %) silica in a hydrated amorphous form, similar to silica gel, with high porosity and reactive surface OH groups. BRHA contains different amounts of carbon and silica in amorphous form with high specific surface area and porosity. The raw rice husks and the obtained pyrolysis products were used as fillers of polypropylene (PP) and tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer (TFE-E) composites. The kinetics and thermodynamics of water adsorption onto filled polypropylene composites during soaking were studied at different temperatures, quantities and nature of fillers. It was established, that the adsorption kinetics was limited by intra-particle diffusion in plane sheet particles. The sorption process is exothermal in nature and accompanied with decrease of the entropy.The physicomechanical properties of composite materials were determined. The fillers introduced in polypropylene change the mechanical strength and make the composites brittle. This change is more pronounced for the composites with BRHA and RRH, followed by WRHA. The composites studied showed lower elongation at break. The biggest decrease was observed for the composites with BRHA where ε decrease from 500 (for the initial PP) to 7 % at filling degree of 20 mass %. The effects of the amount of adsorbed water, temperature and treatment time on the composites tensile properties were estimated. It was found after immersion in water that the composites improve their tensile strength compared to initial non-treated samples. The thermal stability and kinetics of non-isothermal degradation of PP and TFE-E composites filled with 10 or 20 mass % vigorously grounded and mixed RRH, BRHA, WRHA and Aerosil Degussa (AR) were studied. Using different calculation procedures the most probably kinetic mechanism was found to be described by kinetic equations of n -th order (F n mechanism). The kinetic parameters were obtained, and a linear dependence between ln A and E was observed, known also as kinetic compensation effect.The abundance of a waste from paddy milling industry, as well as its interesting complex of behaviors are prerequisite for success for obtaining of cheap and valuable products and gives a new alternatives for its ...

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Rice husk powder–filled polystyrene/styrene butadiene rubber blends

Cited by 41 publications

References 17 publications

Morphology and Physical/End-Use Properties of Recycled Polypropylene-Corn Cob Powder Composites

Morphology and Physical/End-Use Properties of Recycled Polypropylene-Corn Cob Powder Composites

Tensile properties, swelling, and water absorption behavior of rice‐husk‐powder‐filled polypropylene/(recycled acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber) composites

Obtaining Some Polymer Composites Filled with Rice Husks Ash-A Review

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