Rice - not just a staple food: A comprehensive review on its phytochemicals and therapeutic potential

Sen, Saikat; Chakraborty, Raja; Kalita, Pratap

doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2020.01.022

Cited by 169 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…Dietary fibers enhance food’s functional properties, such as viscosity, retaining capacity for water and oil, and swelling capacity. The adverse effects of high use of cereal-based dietary fibers are minimized by various processing technologies (microfluidization, grinding methods, thermal treatment, and bioprocessing) ( Sen et al, 2020 ; Table 2 ). In most cereals, roots only penetrate into the soil from where the HMs are absorbed to a depth of 25 cm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead Toxicity in Cereals: Mechanistic Insight Into Toxicity, Mode of Action, and Management

et al. 2021

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Cereals are the major contributors to global food supply, accounting for more than half of the total human calorie requirements. Sustainable availability of quality cereal grains is an important step to address the high-priority issue of food security. High concentrations of heavy metals specifically lead (Pb) in the soil negatively affect biochemical and physiological processes regulating grain quality in cereals. The dietary intake of Pb more than desirable quantity via food chain is a major concern for humans, as it can predispose individuals to chronic health issues. In plant systems, high Pb concentrations can disrupt several key metabolic processes such as electron transport chain, cellular organelles integrity, membrane stability index, PSII connectivity, mineral metabolism, oxygen-evolving complex, and enzymatic activity. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has been recommended as an inexpensive strategy for remediating Pb-contaminated soils. A diverse group of Ascomycetes fungi, i.e., dark septate endophytes is successfully used for this purpose. A symbiotic relationship between endophytes and host cereal induces Pb tolerance by immobilizing Pb ions. Molecular and cellular modifications in plants under Pb-stressed environments are explained by transcription factor families such as bZIP, ERF, and GARP as a regulator. The role of metal tolerance protein (MTP), natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (NRAMP), and heavy metal ATPase in decreasing Pb toxicity is well known. In the present review, we provided the contemporary synthesis of existing data regarding the effects of Pb toxicity on morpho-physiological and biochemical responses of major cereal crops. We also highlighted the mechanism/s of Pb uptake and translocation in plants, critically discussed the possible management strategies and way forward to overcome the menace of Pb toxicity in cereals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead Toxicity in Cereals: Mechanistic Insight Into Toxicity, Mode of Action, and Management

et al. 2021

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“…Thailand is recognised as the biggest rice exporter and the fifth-biggest producer in the world [ 24 ]. Rice bran is an important by-product that is largely generated during the milling process [ 25 ]. In addition, it is a rich source of biologically active compounds, including γ-oryzanol, phytic acid, vitamin E isoforms (α-, β-, and γ-tocopherol), unsaturated fatty acids (such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, and γ-linolenic acid), and phenolic compounds (such as ferulic acid, gallic acid, and caffeic acid) [ 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, it is a rich source of biologically active compounds, including γ-oryzanol, phytic acid, vitamin E isoforms (α-, β-, and γ-tocopherol), unsaturated fatty acids (such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, and γ-linolenic acid), and phenolic compounds (such as ferulic acid, gallic acid, and caffeic acid) [ 26 ]. The geographical origin and genetic diversity among rice varieties also influence the types, appearances, and bioactive content in rice bran [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects on Steroid 5-Alpha Reductase Gene Expression of Thai Rice Bran Extracts and Molecular Dynamics Study on SRD5A2

Khantham

Yooin

Sringarm

et al. 2021

Biology

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Steroid 5-alpha reductases (SRD5As) are responsible for the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, a potent androgen, which is the aetiologic factor of androgenetic alopecia. This study aimed to compare the SRD5A gene expression suppression activity exerted by Thai rice bran extracts and their components and investigate the interactional mechanism between bioactive compounds and SRD5A2 using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Bran of Oryza sativa cv. Tubtim Chumphae (TRB), Yamuechaebia Morchor (YRB), Riceberry (RRB), and Malinil Surin (MRB), all rice milling by-products, was solvent-extracted. The ethanolic extract of TRB had the highest sum of overall bioactive compounds (γ-oryzanol; α-, β-, and γ-tocopherol; phenolics; and flavonoids). Among all extracts, TRB greatly downregulated the expression of SRD5A1, SRD5A2, and SRD5A3; there were no significant differences between TRB and finasteride regarding SRD5A suppression. The linear relationship and principal component analysis supported that the α-tocopherol content was correlated with the SRD5A suppression exerted by TRB. Furthermore, MD simulation demonstrated that α-tocopherol had the highest binding affinity towards SRD5A2 by interacting with residues Phe118 and Trp201. Our findings indicate that α-tocopherol effectively downregulates the expression of SRD5A genes and inhibits SRD5A2 activity, actions that are comparable to standard finasteride. TRB, a source of α-tocopherol, could be developed as an anti-hair loss product.

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“…Cereal grains are the principal component of the human diet, and rice (Oryza sativa) is especially important for food security because it is a staple food and primary source of carbohydrates and energy for different populations worldwide (FAO, 2014). Besides, it is an essential source of fiber, minerals, vitamins, and other beneficial health biomolecules (Sen et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physico-chemical characteristics, cooking and texture of polished and brown rice of different varieties sold in Brazil

Silva

Anselmo

Silva

et al. 2020

RSD

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The diversity of whole rice grains with black and red pericarp has been valued in Brazil due to its different characteristics of color, texture, and also due to the association with health benefits. This work aimed to evaluate the physicochemical, cooking, and textural characteristics of different samples of polished and whole rice grains from different varieties marketed in Brazil. A total of 28 samples were collected and divided into 6 groups: polished white rice, white polished parboiled rice, whole white rice, whole red rice, whole black rice, and whole wild rice. Moisture content, crude protein, ash, mineral content, hardness, and adhesiveness were analyzed. The cooking quality was evaluated through the determination of cooking time, swelling ratio, and volume expansion ratio. A strong correlation between the protein content and the hardness value of cooked grains was observed. The polished samples showed the lowest ash and mineral values and the shortest cooking time. A strong correlation was also observed for the volume expansion ratio and hardness of cooked samples. The data obtained contribute to a better understanding of the quality of the rice marketed in Brazil and demonstrate a large variation among samples in terms of physicochemical, cooking, and texture properties.

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Rice - not just a staple food: A comprehensive review on its phytochemicals and therapeutic potential

Cited by 169 publications

References 146 publications

Lead Toxicity in Cereals: Mechanistic Insight Into Toxicity, Mode of Action, and Management

Lead Toxicity in Cereals: Mechanistic Insight Into Toxicity, Mode of Action, and Management

Effects on Steroid 5-Alpha Reductase Gene Expression of Thai Rice Bran Extracts and Molecular Dynamics Study on SRD5A2

Physico-chemical characteristics, cooking and texture of polished and brown rice of different varieties sold in Brazil

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