Rice-Powder Electrolyte Solution as Oral Therapy in Diarrhoea Due to Vibrio Cholerae and Escherichia Coli

Hossain, Md. Imam; Sarker, S.A.; Molla, Ayesha; Greenough, William B.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(82)92396-0

Cited by 138 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Initially, glucose was the first carbohydrate to be used (Desjeux et al, 1994). Then, rice (Molla et al, 1982;Gore et al, 1992;Desjeux et al, 1994;Dutta et al, 2000) and more recently amylase-resistant starch (ARS) (Ramakrishna et al, 2000Raghupathy et al, 2006) added to glucose ORS has proven to be more effective than glucose ORS without ARS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-chain fatty acids and commensal microbiota in the faeces of severely malnourished children with cholera rehydrated with three different carbohydrates

et al. 2010

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Background: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) liberated by fermentation of complex carbohydrates might stimulate water and salt absorption, and provide energy. The aim of the study was to assess the number and proportion of faecal bacteria and the concentration of SCFAs of severely malnourished children with cholera receiving oral rehydration solution (ORS) containing glucose, amylase-resistant starch (ARS) or rice. Methods: Serial faecal samples were collected from 30 malnourished children with cholera until rehydration and partial nutritional recovery. SCFAs were identified and quantitated by high-performance liquid chromatography. In situ hybridization combined with flow cytometry was used to analyse the microbiota in the faeces. Results: Before treatment the concentration of total SCFA in faecal sample of cholera children was found to be 4.7±0.6 mmol/kg and it increased steadily until 95.0 ± 8.7 mmol/kg at day 28. Among different ORS groups, concentration was significantly higher in the Rice-ORS group at day 1 (Po0.011) and at day 2 (Po0.025). During recovery faecal output was significantly reduced and the number of bacteria also increased faster in the Rice-ORS group than in the glucose-ORS group at day 1 and day 2 (Po0.01), and a modest increase in bacterial number was observed in the glucose-ORS plus ARS group (day 1, P ¼ 0.07; day 2, P ¼ 0.09). Conclusion: Clinical recovery was associated with an increase in bacterial and SCFA concentrations with all three carbohydrates in ORS. However, the increases were significantly higher in children receiving Rice-ORS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-chain fatty acids and commensal microbiota in the faeces of severely malnourished children with cholera rehydrated with three different carbohydrates

et al. 2010

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“…1,3 An alternative approach, currently employed in oral rehydration products used in human patients, is to avoid the ''osmotic penalty'' of increased glucose content by providing the carbohydrate in polysaccharide form, replacing the glucose with rice powder. 1,4,5 Studies in human patients have shown successful rehydration and reduced stool output after treatment with rice-based products. 6 Rice-based products are not widely used in bovine medicine.…”

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confidence: 99%

Tolerance of a Rice‐Based Oral Rehydration Solution Given to Normal Calves

Sweeney

2000

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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The objective of the study was to test the tolerance of a rice-based oral rehydration formula when fed to calves. Six healthy Holstein calves, 1 week of age, were fed the formula instead of milk replacer for 3 days. Pre-and posttreatment results of clinical examination and laboratory parameters were compared. Vital signs, attitude, appetite, clinical hydration status, urine specific gravity, and most routine serum biochemistry test results did not vary and remained within the normal range. Five of the 6 calves developed diarrhea when fed the rice-based formula, which was accompanied by a reduction in fecal pH and presence of reducing sugars in the feces. This effect was reversed when calves were returned to the milk replacer diet at the end of the study. Diarrhea was accompanied by increased water consumption, which allowed the calves to maintain normal hydration status. These results suggest that calves are unable to properly digest the rice-derived carbohydrate, and this type of formula is not recommended for oral rehydration of calves.Key words: Carbohydrate digestion; Diarrhea; Fluids.O ral fluid therapy has long been recognized as an important treatment modality for the correction of dehydration due to diarrhea in calves. Traditionally, products for oral rehydration have been composed of glucose and sodium-containing salts, similar to what has been recommended in the past by the World Health Organization for use in children. These solutions promote enterocyte uptake of water via sodium and glucose-mediated cotransport. 1,2Initially, isotonic solutions were recommended, which limited the glucose content and thus the caloric density of the product. More recently, hypertonic solutions, with higher glucose concentration, have been shown in calves to provide increased caloric intake without exacerbating intestinal fluid losses, as was originally feared.1,3 An alternative approach, currently employed in oral rehydration products used in human patients, is to avoid the ''osmotic penalty'' of increased glucose content by providing the carbohydrate in polysaccharide form, replacing the glucose with rice powder.1,4,5 Studies in human patients have shown successful rehydration and reduced stool output after treatment with rice-based products. Rice-based products are not widely used in bovine medicine. However, because of their availability and utility in other species, clinicians or producers may begin to use them. Numerous studies of milk replacer formulae conducted in the 1950s through the 1970s suggested that calves do not have the enzymes necessary to utilize dietary starch or maltose, the principal carbohydrates in rice.7-12 Therefore, rice-based oral rehydration solutions may result in maldigestion in calves. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of a rice-based oral rehydration formula in healthy calves when fed at normal (approximately isosmotic) concentration, and to determine the response to a higher caloric density (2 times isosmotic) formula. Materials and MethodsSix healthy Holstein calv...

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“…A recent Cochrane review concluded that glucose polymer (i.e., starch)-based ORS resulted in a reduced first day diarrhoea output and a reduced diarrhoea duration compared with glucose-based ORS when diarrhoea aetiology was not considered (Gregorio et al, 2016). Furthermore, several (Molla et al, 1982(Molla et al, , 1985(Molla et al, , 1989Alam et al, 1992), but not all (Hossain et al, 2003) clinical trials from Bangladesh showed a reduced stool output in patients with cholera treated with a starchcompared with a glucose-based ORS. As intestinal streptococci cannot digest starch, polymer ORS might have its beneficial effect by suppressing the intestinal streptococcal outgrowth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bangladeshi children with acute diarrhoea show faecal microbiomes with increased Streptococcus abundance, irrespective of diarrhoea aetiology

Kieser

Sarker

Sakwińska

et al. 2018

Environmental Microbiology

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We report streptococcal dysbiosis in acute diarrhoea irrespective of aetiology. Compared with 20 healthy local controls, 71 Bangladeshi children hospitalized with acute diarrhoea (AD) of viral, mixed viral/bacterial, bacterial and unknown aetiology showed a significantly decreased bacterial diversity with loss of pathways characteristic for the healthy distal colon microbiome (mannan degradation, methylerythritol phosphate and thiamin biosynthesis), an increased proportion of faecal streptococci belonging to the Streptococcus bovis and Streptococcus salivarius species complexes, and an increased level of E. coli-associated virulence genes. No enteropathogens could be attributed to a subgroup of patients. Elevated lytic coliphage DNA was detected in 2 out of 5 investigated enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC)-infected patients. Streptococcal outgrowth in AD is discussed as a potential nutrient-driven consequence of glucose provided with oral rehydration solution.

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Rice-Powder Electrolyte Solution as Oral Therapy in Diarrhoea Due to Vibrio Cholerae and Escherichia Coli

Cited by 138 publications

References 23 publications

Short-chain fatty acids and commensal microbiota in the faeces of severely malnourished children with cholera rehydrated with three different carbohydrates

Short-chain fatty acids and commensal microbiota in the faeces of severely malnourished children with cholera rehydrated with three different carbohydrates

Tolerance of a Rice‐Based Oral Rehydration Solution Given to Normal Calves

Bangladeshi children with acute diarrhoea show faecal microbiomes with increased Streptococcus abundance, irrespective of diarrhoea aetiology

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