Rice productivity under different weed management and establishment methods

Paliwal, Arunima; Singh, V. P.; Bhimwal, Jai Prakash; Joshi, Neeshu; Singh, S. Paul; Pratap, Tej; Guru, SK; Kumar, Arun

doi:10.5958/0974-8164.2017.00002.8

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“…The WSB, comprised of the weed seeds in different soil profile as well as lying on soil surface, is the principal source of annual weed infestation in field crops [8]. The literature reveals that most of the studies on the influence of crop establishment methods on weed dynamics in rice were based only on the above ground emerged weed flora [9][10][11][12], rather than giving due consideration to the WSB dynamics in different soil profiles. In fact, WSB regulates the weed communities and better indicator of long term influence of agronomical practices on weeds rather than the above ground vegetation [13].…”

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confidence: 99%

Changes in the Weed Seed Bank in Long-Term Establishment Methods Trials under Rice-Wheat Cropping System

et al. 2020

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The rice-wheat cropping system in the Indo-Gangetic Plains is the backbone of food security in India. In the 1990s, due to the scarcity of resources, the traditional Crop Establishment (CE) method shifted from Conventional Till Puddle Transplanted Rice (CTPTR) to CT Direct Seeded Rice (CTDSR) and Zero-Till DSR (ZTDSR) in paddy; and in wheat, from Conventional Till Wheat (CTW) to Zero Till Wheat (ZTW), with residue retention in rice (RRR) or in both rice and wheat (RRRW). Shift in CE methods led to change in Weed Seed Bank (WSB) dynamics and ultimately affected the weed management program. After five years of field trials, soil samples were drawn as per 2-factors factorial randomized block design. Factor-I comprised 4-CE methods, whereas factor-II consisted of 3-soil depths (0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm). Results showed CTPTR-CTW and ZTDSR-ZTW (RRRW) record the highest seed bank (SB) of grasses, sedges and BLWs as total weeds, in general; and predominant weeds like Echinochloa spp., Ammania baccifera, Commelina benghalensis and Digitaria sanguinalis, in particular. It also showed the higher species richness (D Mg ) and Shannon-Weaver (H') indices. CTDSR-CTW and CTDSR-ZTW (RRR) show the lowest WSB and at par with Shannon-Weaver (H') index; further, lowest species richness (D Mg ) under CTDSR-CTW. Species Evenness (J') and Simpson index (λ) vary non-significantly with CE methods. Furthermore, 0-10 cm soil depth showed the highest SB of different category of total weed, predominant weeds as well as higher values of D Mg , H', and λ; whereas reverse trend was observed in Whittaker Statistic (β W ). Interaction between CE methods and soil depth revealed most of WSB lying on the top layer in case of ZTDSR-ZTW (RRRW) and CTDSR-ZTW (RRR); while CTPTR-CTW showed almost uniform WSB distribution, and in case of CTDSR-CTW, a gradual decrease in WSB with soil depth.

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