Rice protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome

Rice: a common and severe cause of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome

“…Case reports and series of rice FPIES commonly reveal that such children tend to have multiple episodes, admissions and investigations, before a correct diagnosis is finally made 9 11 13. The study by Nowak-Wegrzyn et al 8 of solid food FPIES included 10 children who reacted to rice.…”

“…Rice, a food generally considered to be of “low allergenicity”, has been increasingly recognised as a cause of FPIES. The number of children reported in the literature with rice FPIES has increased from three in 1963–1989 to 25 in 1990–2007,2 7 9 11 – 13 with 19 of these cases being described in the last 7 years. There have been two series specifically examining children with rice FPIES, comprising four11 and five13 cases; however, these cases were not compared with non-rice-induced episodes of FPIES.…”

Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome, Allergic Proctocolitis, and Enteropathy

“…Other inciting foods include other grains (barley, corn); meat and poultry (beef, chicken, turkey); egg white; vegetables (white potato, sweet potato, squash, string bean); fruit (tomato); legumes (peanut, green pea, lentil); seafood (fish, crustaceans, mollusks, usually with onset in older children and adults); and the probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii [3,20,42,[50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57]. Recently published studies and case reports have added tree nut (type not specified in the study), mushrooms, and egg yolk to this list [24•, 58, 59].…”

Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome

“…Mean age at onset of solid food FPIES tends to be higher than the mean age of onset of milk and soy FPIES [12,17 ]. Infants often present FPIES Nowak-Wegrzyn and Muraro 373 with multiple reactions and extensive evaluations for alternative causes (infectious, toxic, and metabolic) before the diagnosis of FPIES is established [12,14,16,17 ]. Delayed diagnosis may be explained by common perception that grains, for example, rice, oat, and vegetables, have low allergenic potential and are not considered as a cause of severe food allergic reactions, as well as lack of definitive diagnostic tests and the unusual nature of symptoms.…”