Ricinus

Morris, J. B.; Wang, Ming Li; Morse, Stephen

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-14871-2_15

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Castor ( Ricinus communis L.; 2n = 20) [1] belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae and has been cultivated even before 4,000 B.C. as shown by buried castor seeds in Egyptian tombs [2, 3]. It is said to have originated from tropical Africa precisely, Ethiopia, since there is a higher diversity of wild and semi-cultivated types of castor over there compared to any other part of the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SRAP analysis of the genetic diversity of wild castor (Ricinus communis L.) in South China

et al. 2019

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Castor bean is an important seed oil crop. Castor oil is a highly demanded oil for several industrial uses. Currently, castor bean varieties suffer from low productivity and high risk of insect pests and diseases. It is in urgent need to mine elite genes from wild materials for castor breeding. 29 pairs of polymorphic SRAP primers out of 361 pairs were used to analyse the genetic diversity of 473 wild castor materials from South China. 203 bands were amplified by the 29 pairs of primers, of which 169 bands were polymorphic, with a polymorphic percentage of 83.25%. With an average number of alleles per locus (A p ) of 1.801, average number of effective alleles per locus ( A e ) of 1.713 and average percentage of polymorphic loci (P) of 90.04%, these primers were proven to be useful and effective. Nei’ genetic distance between the materials ranged from 1.04 to 25.02, with an average of 13.03. At the genetic distance of 25.02, the materials clustered into two major groups, consistent with the result of population structure analysis. However, more subgroups existed between 5.21 and 13.32. Although not all the materials from the same region were clustered in the same group, an obvious trend existed where the groups were related to regions to a great extent. Based on multiple indices, the genetic diversity of materials from Hainan was the lowest. However, there was not much difference between West Guangdong and Guangxi, although the former was slightly higher. Moderate genetic differentiation was observed in wild materials in South China. The genetic differentiation mainly occurred within population, with maximum differentiation in Guangxi, followed by West Guangdong and the minimum in Hainan. Nonetheless, there was an extensive geneflow between populations. The above results provided a direction for the conservation and breeding application of these materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SRAP analysis of the genetic diversity of wild castor (Ricinus communis L.) in South China

et al. 2019

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“…Castor belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae (consisting of 280 genera), and the genus Ricinus (containing only one species, Ricinus communis L.) and has been cultivated for over 6000 years. , Castor oil is not edible but has multiple uses ranging from medicine to cosmetics to industrial applications . From ancient times, castor oil had been used as a popular stimulant laxative.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of the Entire USDA Castor Germplasm Collection for Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition for Optimum Biodiesel Production

Wang¹,

Morris²,

Tonnis³

et al. 2011

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Castor has tremendous potential as a feedstock for biodiesel production. The oil content and fatty acid composition in castor seed are important factors determining the price for production and affecting the key fuel properties of biodiesel. There are 1033 available castor accessions collected or donated from 48 countries worldwide in the USDA germplasm collection. The entire castor collection was screened for oil content and fatty acid composition by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography (GC), respectively. Castor seeds on the average contain 48.2% oil with significant variability ranging from 37.2 to 60.6%. Methyl esters were prepared from castor seed by alkaline transmethylation. GC analysis of methyl esters confirmed that castor oil was composed primarily of eight fatty acids: 1.48% palmitic (C16:0), 1.58% stearic (C18:0), 4.41% oleic (C18:1), 6.42% linoleic (C18:2), 0.68% linolenic (C18:3), 0.45% gadoleic (C20:1), 84.51% ricinoleic (C18:1-1OH), and 0.47% dihydroxystearic (C18:0-2OH) acids. Significant variability in fatty acid composition was detected among castor accessions. Ricinoleic acid (RA) was positively correlated with dihydroxystearic acid (DHSA) but highly negatively correlated with the five other fatty acids except linolenic acid. The results for oil content and fatty acid composition obtained from this study will be useful for end-users to explore castor germplasm for biodiesel production.

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“…The choice of cultivar was based on geographic distribution and seed size (small, medium and large) ( Hodge et al, 2013 ) from a total 1043 accessions in the castor germplasm collection. Propagation, harvesting and conservation of the cultivars were carried out according to Morris et al (2011) . Briefly, propagation was carried out such that 50 plants per cultivar occupied a 6 m2 area.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of ricin, RCA and comparison of enzymatic activity in 18 Ricinus communis cultivars by isotope dilution mass spectrometry

Schieltz

McWilliams

Kuklenyik

et al. 2015

Toxicon

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The seeds of the Ricinus communis (Castor bean) plant are the source of the economically important commodity castor oil. Castor seeds also contain the proteins ricin and R. communis agglutinin (RCA), two toxic lectins that are hazardous to human health. Radial immunodiffusion (RID) and the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are two antibody-based methods commonly used to quantify ricin and RCA; however, antibodies currently used in these methods cannot distinguish between ricin and RCA due to the high sequence homology of the respective proteins. In this study, a technique combining antibody-based affinity capture with liquid chromatography and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry (MS) was used to quantify the amounts of ricin and RCA independently in extracts prepared from the seeds of eighteen representative cultivars of R. communis which were propagated under identical conditions. Additionally, liquid chromatography and MRM-MS was used to determine rRNA N-glycosidase activity for each cultivar and the overall activity in these cultivars was compared to a purified ricin standard. Of the cultivars studied, the average ricin content was 9.3 mg/g seed, the average RCA content was 9.9 mg/g seed, and the enzymatic activity agreed with the activity of a purified ricin reference within 35% relative activity.

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Ricinus

Cited by 5 publications

References 43 publications

SRAP analysis of the genetic diversity of wild castor (Ricinus communis L.) in South China

SRAP analysis of the genetic diversity of wild castor (Ricinus communis L.) in South China

Screening of the Entire USDA Castor Germplasm Collection for Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition for Optimum Biodiesel Production

Quantification of ricin, RCA and comparison of enzymatic activity in 18 Ricinus communis cultivars by isotope dilution mass spectrometry

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