Rickets-vitamin D deficiency and dependency

Abstract

Rickets is an important problem even in countries with adequate sun exposure. The causes of rickets/osteomalacia are varied and include nutritional deficiency, especially poor dietary intake of vitamin D and calcium. Non-nutritional causes include hypophosphatemic rickets primarily due to renal phosphate losses and rickets due to renal tubular acidosis. In addition, some varieties are due to inherited defects in vitamin D metabolism and are called vitamin D dependent rickets. This chapter highlights rickets/osteomalacia related to vitamin D deficiency or to inherited defects in vitamin D metabolism. Hypophosphatemic rickets and rickets due to renal tubular acidosis are discussed in other sections of the journal.

25‐OH‐vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and calcium serum levels in captive common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus): Reference values and effect of age, sex, season, and closure of long bone epiphyses

“…Vitamin D deficiency, commonly known as rickets and/or osteomalacia, causes delayed and abnormal growth plate closure. 16,17 Due to the specific sensitivity of New World Primates to vitamin D deficiencies, 6 we hypothesized that serum concentrations of 25-OH-vitamin D may be correlated with growth plate closure. Growth plate closure in common marmosets has previously been studied.…”

Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated with Rapid Decline in Exercise Capacity in Male Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

“…First, vitamin D status measured by circulating 25-OHD can be influenced by various factors such as sunlight (ultraviolet-B) exposure, seasons, diet, and different vitamin D metabolisms from person to person. The latitude of Seoul, the capital of South Korea, is 37° 34´ N. Above 37° N latitude, the number of ultraviolet-B photons reaching the earth's atmosphere is decreased by 80-100% in the winter months, and, as a consequence, little vitamin D3 is produced in the skin [31]. Therefore, we compared the seasonal distribution of the dates of baseline blood sampling between rapid decliners and non-rapid decliners.…”

Vitamin D and Bone Disease

“…The causes of rickets include conditions that lead to hypocalcemia and/or hypophosphatemia, either isolated or secondary to vitamin D deficiency [13]. …”