Riding the Wave

Abstract

To date, most of the literature on female entrepreneurship reveals a paucity of research on developing market contexts. The authors build on this to establish the constraining challenges and barriers faced by Pakistani women entrepreneurs. In this chapter, they adopt the perspective of institutional logics as a particular reference point due to its influence in shaping entrepreneurial action. The choice of adopting a contextual approach also aims to highlight differences to Western models where institutional frameworks are perceived to be more benign. The case study of Pakistani women entrepreneurs therefore presents an interesting evidence for examining the complexities of women entrepreneurship. Within the remit of this chapter, the goal is to elucidate the uniqueness of Pakistani women entrepreneurs as influenced by its institutional context. It is expected that the findings from this study will contribute to new knowledge and have practical and policy implications for enhancing women entrepreneurship.

Comparative Study of the Factors of Female Entrepreneurship in China and Pakistan

“…Female entrepreneurial intention can not only be enhanced in a significant and positive way with the help of relevant entrepreneurial knowledge but it can also enhance the rate of success of female entrepreneurs who take a decision to pursue their dreams that step towards being self-made with unique and out of the box ideas (Hussain & Mahmood, 2012). In line with these studies and theirs the seven of the hypotheses were accepted whereas one was rejected according to the theory (Muhammad, Warren, & Binte-Saleem, 2017), financial support and resources make the females self-efficient and increase their level of self-efficacy as well, all of which in turn enhances the possibility of increase in female entrepreneurial intention (Omeihe, Dakhan, Khan, Gustafsson, & Amoako, 2019). Once the orientation towards goal is clear, the efforts become more vivid and are enhanced and then so it the goal for achieving an entrepreneurial dream becomes more important so female entrepreneurial intention clearly enhances (Ahmad, 2011).…”

‘In Courts We Don’t Trust’: Institutional Framework in the Context of Developing Economy

“…In compensating for the weaknesses of the law courts, the findings revealed that indigenous institutions, such as ties to cultural, religious and trade associations had evolved to fill the role of formal institutions. Specifically, the article also revealed how the respondents relied on networks of family relationships to develop trust; thereby enhancing their access to market information (Child et al, 2002;Oviatt & McDougall, 2005;Amoako & Lyon, 2014;Amoako, 2019). Specifically, the received knowledge is particularly important in the African context, as it is customary for members to support the enterprise of a family/kin.…”

“…Put succinctly, the core assumption behind the institutional rivalry presupposes an understanding of entrepreneurial behaviour located within institutional contexts. This is particularly important as identities, values, norms and beliefs have been acknowledged to shape entrepreneurial relations (Jenssen & Kristiansen, 2004;Chao & Moon, 2005;Omeihe, Dakhan, Khan, Gustafsson, & Amoako, 2019). Where formal institutional arrangements are perceived to be congruent to the interest of social groups, actors within such groups will be motivated to rely on alternative arrangements that promote their economic and social interest.…”

“…There is clear evidence that entrepreneurship is influenced by formal and informal institutions which facilitate market exchange (North, 1990;Smallbone & Welter, 2012;Thornton et al, 2011;Amoako & Lyon, 2014;Amoako, 2019). The difficult market conditions within Nigeria and West Africa implies that SMEs are faced with a corrupt police force, have minimal access to banking infrastructure, and do not enjoy recourse to legal redress.…”

Identity Construction of Pakistani Female Entrepreneurs in Religious Framework: An Interplay of Sociocultural and Religious Factors

“…As a result of these conventions, women should be instructed to wear the hijab rather than engage in business. Although the lack of access to financing has been a source of worry, Pakistani women entrepreneurs face particularly difficult obstacles (Omeihe et al, 2019). Therefore, the current study explored the role of religion and culture on female entrepreneurs in Pakistan.…”